Philosophico-Methodological Analysis of Prediction and its Role in Economics

Philosophico-Methodological Analysis of Prediction and its Role in Economics

Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-02-19

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 3319088858

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This book develops a philosophico-methodological analysis of prediction and its role in economics. Prediction plays a key role in economics in various ways. It can be seen as a basic science, as an applied science and in the application of this science. First, it is used by economic theory in order to test the available knowledge. In this regard, prediction has been presented as the scientific test for economics as a science. Second, prediction provides a content regarding the possible future that can be used for prescription in applied economics. Thus, it can be used as a guide for economic policy, i.e., as knowledge concerning the future to be employed for the resolution of specific problems. Third, prediction also has a role in the application of this science in the public arena. This is through the decision-making of the agents — individuals or organizations — in quite different settings, both in the realm of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Within this context, the research is organized in five parts, which discuss relevant aspects of the role of prediction in economics: I) The problem of prediction as a test for a science; II) The general orientation in methodology of science and the problem of prediction as a scientific test; III) The methodological framework of social sciences and economics: Incidence for prediction as a test; IV) Epistemology and methodology of economic prediction: Rationality and empirical approaches and V) Methodological aspects of economic prediction: From description to prescription. Thus, the book is of interest for philosophers and economists as well as policy-makers seeking to ascertain the roots of their performance. The style used lends itself to a wide audience.


Biology

Biology

Author: Teresa Audesirk

Publisher: Pearson Educación

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 462

ISBN-13: 9789702605386

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For one or two semester courses in Introductory Biology targeting non- and mixed majors. The goal of this text is to provide an engaging and easy to use book with an innovative and interactive media program. It achieves a unique balance in emphasizing concepts without sacrificing scientific accuracy. The new MediaTutor, found at the end of each chapter, integrates the text and media by providing a brief description of the CD or WEB activity and the time requirement for completion. In creating the book and the media package, the authors and Prentice Hall reached out to the biology community - involving educators from around the country to help address the diverse needs of todays students. How do you engage your students and help make biology relevant to them? *NEW - Chapter-opening Case Studies and chapter-ending Case Studies Revisited - Includes Did Dinosaurs Die from Lack of Sunlight? from the chapter on Photosynthesis and Teaching an Old Grain New Tricks from the chapter on Biotechnology. Provides an innovative framework for students to learn and make connections between biological concepts and processes. *Earth Watch/Health Watch essays - Covers biodiversity, ozone depletion/pre


Language and Scientific Research

Language and Scientific Research

Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-04-27

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 303060537X

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This book analyzes the role of language in scientific research and develops the semantics of science from different angles. The philosophical investigation of the volume is divided into four parts, which covers both basic science and applied science: I) The Problem of Reference and Potentialities of the Language in Science; II) Language and Change in Scientific Research: Evolution and Historicity; III) Scientific Language in the Context of Truth and Fiction; and IV) Language in Mathematics and in Empirical Sciences. Language plays a key role in science: our access to the theoretical, practical or evaluative dimensions of scientific activity begins with the mastery of language, continues with a deepening in the use of language and reaches the level of contribution when it creates new terms or changes them in sense and reference. This reveals the compatibility between objectivity in semantic contents and historicity in the progress of science. This volume is a valuable enrichment to students, academics and other professionals interested in science in all its forms, who seek to deepen the role that language plays in its structure and dynamics.


Ciencias y sociedad

Ciencias y sociedad

Author: Vinck, Dominique

Publisher: Editorial GEDISA

Published: 2015-06-15

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 8497848330

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Las ciencias y las técnicas han formado parte, desde el principio de la civilización, del desarrollo de la sociedad. Los cambios que han caracterizado las diferentes etapas del pensamiento científico se han producido dentro del marco de determinadas formaciones sociales y en condiciones específicas de producción del conocimiento. En este libro se aborda la manera en que se relacionan ciencia y sociedad: las formas de valorización social de las investigaciones, el sistema de trabajo en el interior de los laboratorios, las razones ideológicas de las teorías científicas, los mecanismos de financiación de la indagaciones científicas, las luchas jerárquicas entre los sabios y académicos, etc. Un conjunto de problemas que están más que nunca implicados en nuestros grandes problemas sociales. La explosión de las nanotecnologías, la controversia sobre los OGM, el cambio climático, etc., tantas temáticas cuya comprensión y control implican también conocer mejor las dinámicas sociales que forman parte de la producción de conocimientos y de las innovaciones. La presente obra, refundición de Sociología de las ciencias, publicada en 1995, muestra un planteamiento completo de todos estos problemas, con numerosos ejemplos y una muy amplia documentación. Presenta las diferentes formas de articulación ciencia/sociedad (emergencia de las ciencias, dinámica de innovación y democracia técnica) y los principales mecanismos sociales que hacen vivir a las ciencias (instituciones, organizaciones, intercambios entre investigadores, elaboración de contenidos, etc.). Este libro permite aprehender tanto la cultura material y cognitiva de un laboratorio como el funcionamiento del mercado de empleo científico. Más allá de la referencia a los grandes autores, corrientes de pensamiento y debates, ayuda a comprender mejor qué la sociedad y aquellas personas que tiene el poder decisorio fuerzan el desarrollo de las ciencias y de las técnicas, y qué los artesanos de estas últimas imponen a cambio sus lógicas propias. Habla así sobre la sociología de "la sociedad de los conocimientos”.


Sistema Sat Universal - Universalismo

Sistema Sat Universal - Universalismo

Author: Carlos de Jesús Pimentel Flores

Publisher: Palibrio

Published: 2012-04

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 1463323301

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Universalismo es la Síntesis de todas las cosas en una Unidad Total, representado a través del Sistema SAT Universal, que fue fundado por SatCarlos que es el Mesías de Era de Acuarius. Este Sistema SAT Universal no es una secta sino un Sistema Integral que se refiere a lo biológico, psicológico, social, cultural y espiritual, y que para lo mismo se basa en la ciencia, la educación, el arte, la religión, la medicina, la ingeniería, la administración y todas las actividades humanas, unifi cando con esto a la humanidad entera. En esta obra se explica el simbolismo de Dios, los Ángeles, Cristo, el diablo, la Evolución, el karma y reencarnación, el significado de los colores, los números, los mantrams y mandalas. También se explica científicamente la historia del Universo, la vida, el conocimiento, los valores, la humanidad, la civilización y la Era de Acuarius. En esta obra se inicia una nueva etapa de una Humanidad más evolucionada con un Sistema que lleva hasta la Iluminación.


The Promise of Educational Psychology

The Promise of Educational Psychology

Author: Richard E. Mayer

Publisher: Pearson Educación

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 9788420535241

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Covering the latest advanced in the field, this brief, easy-to-read introduction to educational psychology focuses on learning and teaching in subject areas and on helping students develop specific cognitive processes that are required to accomplish real academic tasks. Shows how psychological theories and research influence the development of better instructional practices and how real instructional problems influence the development of better psychological theories and research. Deals with the educational psychology of five major subject areas -- reading fluency, reading comprehension, writing, mathematics, and science. Includes three to six major cognitive processes involved in mastering the subject area in each chapter. Analyzes the types of knowledge that are needed to perform academic tasks in the domain in several chapters. Provides concrete examples and connections between cognitive research and practical educational problems. Covers the core advances in educational psychology. For educators at all levels.


Philosophy of Psychology: Causality and Psychological Subject

Philosophy of Psychology: Causality and Psychological Subject

Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-06-11

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 3110573989

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Contemporary philosophy of science analyzes psychology as a science with special features, because this discipline includes some specific philosophical problems – descriptive and normative, structural and dynamic. Some of these are particularly relevant both theoretically (casual explanation) and practically (the configuration of the psychological subject and its relations with psychiatry). Two central aspects in this book are the role of causality, especially conceived as intervention or manipulation, and the characterization of the psychological subject. This requires a clarification of scientific explanations in terms of causality in psychology, because characterizations of causality are quite different in epistemological and ontological terms. One of the most influential views is James Woodward’s approach to causality as intervention, which entails an analysis of its characteristics, new elements and limits. This means taking into account the structural and dynamic aspects included in causal cognition and psychological explanations. Psychology seen as special science also requires us to consider the scientific status of psychology and the psychological subject, which leads to limits of naturalism in psychology.


Teoría del conocimiento

Teoría del conocimiento

Author: Tobies Grimaltos

Publisher: Universitat de València

Published: 2015-05-16

Total Pages: 233

ISBN-13: 8437089379

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Aproximación sistemática y actualizada a los problemas filosóficos que plantea el conocimiento humano, dividida en cinco grandes apartados: método, definición y posibilidades de conocimiento, justificación, base empírica del conocimiento y relación entre semántica y epistemología. El libro de J. L. Blasco y T. Grimaltos aporta una exposición clara y rigurosa de la epistemología contemporánea.


Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation

Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation

Author: Dennis Dieks

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-03-24

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 9400711808

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This volume, the second in the Springer series Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective, contains selected papers from the workshops organised by the ESF Research Networking Programme PSE (The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective) in 2009. Five general topics are addressed: 1. Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Science; 2. Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; 3. Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences; 4. Philosophy of the Physical Sciences; 5. History of the Philosophy of Science. This volume is accordingly divided in five sections, each section containing papers coming from the meetings focussing on one of these five themes. However, these sections are not completely independent and detached from each other. For example, an important connecting thread running through a substantial number of papers in this volume is the concept of probability: probability plays a central role in present-day discussions in formal epistemology, in the philosophy of the physical sciences, and in general methodological debates---it is central in discussions concerning explanation, prediction and confirmation. The volume thus also attempts to represent the intellectual exchange between the various fields in the philosophy of science that was central in the ESF workshops.