Locke lived at a time of heightened religious sensibility, and religious motives and theological beliefs were fundamental to his philosophical outlook. Here, Victor Nuovo brings together the first comprehensive collection of Locke's writings on religion and theology. These writings illustrate the deep religious motivation in Locke's thought.
The aim of this book is twofold: to explain the reconciliation of religion and politics in the work of John Locke, and to explore the relevance of that reconciliation for politics in our own time. Confronted with deep social divisions over ultimate beliefs, Locke sought to unite society in a single liberal community. Reason could identify divine moral laws that would be acceptable to members of all cultural groups, thereby justifying the authority of government. Greg Forster demonstrates that Locke's theory is liberal and rational but also moral and religious, providing an alternative to the two extremes of religious fanaticism and moral relativism. This account of Locke's thought will appeal to specialists and advanced students across philosophy, political science and religious studies.
Contains Locke's The reasonableness of Christianity as delivered in the scriptures (1695), A second vindication of the reasonableness of Christianity (1697), a previously unpublished manuscript text, and Pierre Coste's French version of the Vindications.
Early modern Europe was the birthplace of the modern secular outlook. During the seventeenth century nature and human society came to be regarded in purely naturalistic, empirical ways, and religion was made an object of critical historical study. John Locke was a central figure in all these events. This study of his philosophical thought shows that these changes did not happen smoothly or without many conflicts of belief: Locke, in the role of Christian Virtuoso, endeavoured to resolve them. He was an experimental natural philosopher, a proponent of the so-called 'new philosophy', a variety of atomism that emerged in early modern Europe. But he was also a practising Christian, and he professed confidence that the two vocations were not only compatible, but mutually sustaining. He aspired, without compromising his empirical stance, to unite the two vocations in a single philosophical endeavour with the aim of producing a system of Christian philosophy.
Victor Nuovo presents the first scholarly edition of John Locke's 'A Vindication' (1695) and 'A Second Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity' (1697), in which Locke defends the New Testament and the Christian Religion against charges of heterodoxy. The texts are accompanied by a wealth of critical and contextual apparatus.
Locke's The Reasonableness of Christianity, published anonymously in 1695, entered a world upset by fierce theological conflict and immediately became a subject of controversy. At issue were the author's intentions. John Edwards labeled it a Socinian work and charged that it was subversive not only of Christianity but of religion itself; others praised it as a sure preservative of both. Few understood Locke's intentions. This work describes the background to Locke's book and documents the disputes that followed its publication. Providing an invaluable insight into the context of its conception and reception, it includes contributions by Samual Bold, John Edwards, Charles Blount, and Daniel Waterland, bringing the discussion up to the eighteenth century. Also included is a review found among Locke's unpublished papers and published here for the first time.