An Attempt to Establish a Pure Scientific System of Mineralogy: By the Application of the Electro-Chemical Theory and the Chemical Proportions
An Attempt to Establish a Pure Scientific System of Mineralogy: By the Application of the Electro-Chemical Theory and the Chemical Proportions

Author: Jöns Jakob Berzelius

Publisher: Legare Street Press

Published: 2023-07-18

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781021709837

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of mineralogy through the application of electro-chemical theory and chemical proportions. The authors present a pure scientific system for understanding mineralogy and its properties and characteristics. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Experiments, Models, Paper Tools
Experiments, Models, Paper Tools

Author: Ursula Klein

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 9780804743594

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In the early nineteenth century, chemistry emerged in Europe as a truly experimental discipline. What set this process in motion, and how did it evolve? Experimentalization in chemistry was driven by a seemingly innocuous tool: the sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this “paper tool,” the author reveals how chemistry quickly lost its orientation to natural history and became a major productive force in industrial society. These formulas were not merely a convenient shorthand, but productive tools for creating order amid the chaos of early nineteenth-century organic chemistry. With these formulas, chemists could create a multifaceted world on paper, which they then correlated with experiments and the traces produced in test tubes and flasks. The author’s semiotic approach to the formulas allows her to show in detail how their particular semantic and representational qualities made them especially useful as paper tools for productive application.

History of Analytical Chemistry
History of Analytical Chemistry

Author: Ferenc Szabadváry

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2016-01-22

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 1483157121

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

History of Analytical Chemistry is a systematic account of the historical development of analytical chemistry spanning about 4,000 years. Many scientists who have helped to develop the methods of analytical chemistry are mentioned. Various methods of analysis are discussed, including electrogravimetry, optical methods, electrometric analysis, radiochemical analysis, and chromatography. This volume is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with an overview of analytical chemistry in ancient Greece, the origin of chemistry, and the earliest knowledge of analysis. The next chapter focuses on analytical chemistry during the Middle Ages, with emphasis on alchemy. Analytical knowledge during the period of iatrochemistry and the development of analytical chemistry during the phlogiston period are then examined. Subsequent chapters deal with the development of the fundamental laws of chemistry, including the principle of the indestructibility of matter; analytical chemistry during the period of Berzelius; and developments in qualitative and gravimetric analysis. Elementary organic analysis is also considered, along with the development of the theory of analytical chemistry. This book will be helpful to chemists as well as students and researchers in the field of analytical chemistry.

A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900
A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900

Author: Henry Marshall Leicester

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1952

Total Pages: 578

ISBN-13: 9780674822306

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A collection of important writings in the history of chemistry from 1400-1900, each with an introduction by the editors.

Newton’s Apple and Other Myths about Science
Newton’s Apple and Other Myths about Science

Author: Ronald L. Numbers

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2015-11-04

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0674967984

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A Guardian “Favourite Reads—as Chosen by Scientists” Selection “Tackles some of science’s most enduring misconceptions.” —Discover A falling apple inspired Isaac Newton’s insight into the law of gravity—or did it really? Among the many myths debunked in this refreshingly irreverent book are the idea that alchemy was a superstitious pursuit, that Darwin put off publishing his theory of evolution for fear of public reprisal, and that Gregor Mendel was ahead of his time as a pioneer of genetics. More recent myths about particle physics and Einstein’s theory of relativity are discredited too, and a number of dubious generalizations, like the notion that science and religion are antithetical, or that science can neatly be distinguished from pseudoscience, go under the microscope of history. Newton’s Apple and Other Myths about Science brushes away popular fictions and refutes the widespread belief that science advances when individual geniuses experience “Eureka!” moments and suddenly grasp what those around them could never imagine. “Delightful...thought-provoking...Every reader should find something to surprise them.” —Jim Endersby, Science “Better than just countering the myths, the book explains when they arose and why they stuck.” —The Guardian

Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry
Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry

Author: Maurice P. Crosland

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2004-01-01

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 9780486438023

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Appropriate for undergraduate and graduate-level courses, this volume covers language of alchemy, early chemical terminology, systematic nomenclature, chemical symbolism, and language of organic chemistry. "Authoritative." ? Isis. 1962 edition.

Encyclopedia of the Elements
Encyclopedia of the Elements

Author: Per Enghag

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-01-08

Total Pages: 1309

ISBN-13: 3527612343

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Famous for its history of numerous element discoverers, Sweden is the origin of this comprehensive encylopedia of the elements. It provides both an important database for professionals as well as detailed reading ranging from historical facts, discoverers' portraits, colour plates of mineral types, natural occurrences, and industrial figures to winning and refining processes, biological roles and applications in modern chemistry, engineering and industry. Elemental data is presented in fact tables which include numerous physical and thermodynamic properties, isotope lists, radiation absorption characteristics, NMR parameters, and others. Further pertinent data is supplied in additional tables throughout the text. Published in Swedish in three volumes from 1998 to 2000, the contents have been revised and expanded by the author for this English edition.

The Britannica Guide to The Atom
The Britannica Guide to The Atom

Author: Erik Gregersen Associate Editor, Astronomy and Space Exploration

Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc

Published: 2011-01-15

Total Pages: 692

ISBN-13: 1615303197

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Discusses the structure of the atom and reveals the ways the parts facilitate both radioactivity and nuclear reactions.

Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences
Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences

Author: U. Klein

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 9401597375

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

constitutive of reference in laboratory sciences as cultural sign systems and their manipulation and superposition, collectively shared classifications and associated conceptual frameworks,· and various fonns of collective action and social institutions. This raises the question of how much modes of representation, and specific types of sign systems mobilized to construct them, contribute to reference. Semioticians have argued that sign systems are not merely passive media for expressing preconceived ideas but actively contribute to meaning. Sign systems are culturally loaded with meaning stemming from previous practical applications and social traditions of applications. In new local contexts of application they not only transfer stabilized meaning but also can be used as active resources to add new significance and modify previous meaning. This view is supported by several analyses presented in this volume. Sign systems can be implemented like tools that are manipulated and superposed with other types of signs to forge new representations. The mode of representation, made possible by applying and manipulating specific types of representational tools, such as diagrammatic rather than mathematical representations, or Berzelian fonnulas rather than verbal language, contributes to meaning and forges fine-grained differentiations between scientists' concepts. Taken together, the essays contained in this volume give us a multifaceted picture of the broad variety of modes of representation in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences, of the way scientists juxtaposed and integrated various representations, and of their pragmatic use as tools in scientific and industrial practice.