Perspectives on Fair Housing

Perspectives on Fair Housing

Author: Vincent J. Reina

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2020-11-20

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 0812252756

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Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, known as the Fair Housing Act, prohibited discrimination in the sale, rent, and financing of housing based on race, religion, and national origin. However, manifold historical and contemporary forces, driven by both governmental and private actors, have segregated these protected classes by denying them access to homeownership or housing options in high-performing neighborhoods. Perspectives on Fair Housing argues that meaningful government intervention continues to be required in order to achieve a housing market in which a person's background does not arbitrarily restrict access. The essays in this volume address how residential segregation did not emerge naturally from minority preference but rather how it was forced through legal, economic, social, and even violent measures. Contributors examine racial land use and zoning practices in the early 1900s in cities like Atlanta, Richmond, and Baltimore; the exclusionary effects of single-family zoning and its entanglement with racially motivated barriers to obtaining credit; and the continuing impact of mid-century "redlining" policies and practices on public and private investment levels in neighborhoods across American cities today. Perspectives on Fair Housing demonstrates that discrimination in the housing market results in unequal minority households that, in aggregate, diminish economic prosperity across the country. Amended several times to expand the protected classes to include gender, families with children, and people with disabilities, the FHA's power relies entirely on its consistent enforcement and on programs that further its goals. Perspectives on Fair Housing provides historical, sociological, economic, and legal perspectives on the critical and continuing problem of housing discrimination and offers a review of the tools that, if appropriately supported, can promote racial and economic equity in America. Contributors: Francesca Russello Ammon, Raphael Bostic, Devin Michelle Bunten, Camille Zubrinsky Charles, Nestor M. Davidson, Amy Hillier, Marc H. Morial, Eduardo M. Peñalver, Wendell E. Pritchett, Rand Quinn, Vincent J. Reina, Akira Drake Rodriguez, Justin P. Steil, Susan M. Wachter.


Modern Housing for America

Modern Housing for America

Author: Gail Radford

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2008-10-03

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 0226702219

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In an era when many decry the failures of federal housing programs, this book introduces us to appealing but largely forgotten alternatives that existed when federal policies were first defined in the New Deal. Led by Catherine Bauer, supporters of the modern housing initiative argued that government should emphasize non-commercial development of imaginatively designed compact neighborhoods with extensive parks and social services. The book explores the question of how Americans might have responded to this option through case studies of experimental developments in Philadelphia and New York. While defeated during the 1930s, modern housing ideas suggest a variety of design and financial strategies that could contribute to solving the housing problems of our own time.


American Apartheid

American Apartheid

Author: Douglas S. Massey

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 9780674018211

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This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.


Rebuilding a Dream

Rebuilding a Dream

Author: Andre F. Shashaty

Publisher:

Published: 2014-08-20

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 9780990518709

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"Rebuilding a Dream" takes a refreshingly positive view of a difficult and seemingly intractable problem that affects millions of Americans: The increasing scarcity of housing we can afford. This hard-hitting book explains why media reports that America's housing crisis has ended are wildly misleading. Many people - especially lower-income groups but also the middle class - face an ever-increasing gap between what they can afford to pay for a home or apartment and what it costs to obtain one. This books explains why this gap will get steadily worse unless our elected officials stop working against housing affordability and start supporting it. It explains how the foreclosure crisis continues to have a devastating impact on minority communities, spawning a new wave of urban (and increasingly suburban) decay. It shows how the housing problems of lower income groups tie directly to the growth of income inequality and the resurgence of racial and economic segregation, hurting our economic and social stability. But "Rebuilding a Dream" also delivers the good news that all these problems can be solved. It explains how the dream of homeownership and the upward mobility it brings can be restored - and how we can resume progress toward Martin Luther King Jr.'s vision of equal opportunity in housing. The book reports on the progress that has been made since the tumultuous days 50 years ago, when dozens of cities exploded in violent riots and Congress enacted a wide array of government housing and community development programs. This book shows that many of the programs enacted back then and in subsequent years have succeeded in transforming neighborhoods and improving millions of lives. Great innovations in community development are underway, including plans to better link housing and transportation to provide for greater environmental as well as economic sustainability. The book describes how veterans, homeless families and lonely elders have had their lives transformed, and even saved, by government housing programs (contrary to a concerted right-wing campaign to paint all such programs as failures.) But, while these programs are more important than ever, they are also under a full-scale political attack. Advocates of budget austerity (and extremists with an "us vs. them" agenda) have forced deep cuts in spending for housing and urban programs, including elimination of housing construction for poor elders, among other things. With more cuts threatened under the new Republican-controlled Congress, the book warns, much of the progress of the last 50 years is being lost each year. "Rebuilding a Dream" calls for a new political consensus to reinvest in those programs and reverse the recent budget cuts and program eliminations. It calls for a new resolve to address the shameful reality that there are over 1.6 million children who are homeless in America, and many more whose families are barely able to pay their rent. Finally, the book explains how regular citizens can get involved and join the effort to get housing markets back in the business of provide affordable options and making sure governments have good, proactive housing policies.


Black Neighbors

Black Neighbors

Author: Elisabeth Lasch-Quinn

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2017-10-06

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1469621495

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Professing a policy of cultural and social integration, the American settlement house movement made early progress in helping immigrants adjust to life in American cities. However, when African Americans migrating from the rural South in the early twentieth century began to replace white immigrants in settlement environs, most houses failed to redirect their efforts toward their new neighbors. Nationally, the movement did not take a concerted stand on the issue of race until after World War II. In Black Neighbors, Elisabeth Lasch-Quinn analyzes this reluctance of the mainstream settlement house movement to extend its programs to African American communities, which, she argues, were assisted instead by a variety of alternative organizations. Lasch-Quinn recasts the traditional definitions, periods, and regional divisions of settlement work and uncovers a vast settlement movement among African Americans. By placing community work conducted by the YWCA, black women's clubs, religious missions, southern industrial schools, and other organizations within the settlement tradition, she highlights their significance as well as the mainstream movement's failure to recognize the enormous potential in alliances with these groups. Her analysis fundamentally revises our understanding of the role that race has played in American social reform.


Neighborhood and Life Chances

Neighborhood and Life Chances

Author: Harriet B. Newburger

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2011-02-17

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 081220008X

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Does the place where you lived as a child affect your health as an adult? To what degree does your neighbor's success influence your own potential? The importance of place is increasingly recognized in urban research as an important variable in understanding individual and household outcomes. Place matters in education, physical health, crime, violence, housing, family income, mental health, and discrimination—issues that determine the quality of life, especially among low-income residents of urban areas. Neighborhood and Life Chances: How Place Matters in Modern America brings together researchers from a range of disciplines to present the findings of studies in the fields of education, health, and housing. The results are intriguing and surprising, particularly the debate over Moving to Opportunity, an experiment conducted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, designed to test directly the effects of relocating individuals away from areas of concentrated poverty. Its results, while strong in some respects, showed very different outcomes for boys and girls, with girls more likely than boys to experience positive outcomes. Reviews of the literature in education and health, supplemented by new research, demonstrate that the problems associated with residing in a negative environment are indisputable, but also suggest the directions in which solutions may lie. The essays collected in this volume give readers a clear sense of the magnitude of contemporary challenges in metropolitan America and of the role that place plays in reinforcing them. Although the contributors suggest many practical immediate interventions, they also recognize the vital importance of continued long-term efforts to rectify place-based limitations on lifetime opportunities.