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Author: István Vadász
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2019-01-24
Total Pages: 198
ISBN-13: 2889457036
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis Research Topic assembles original contributions and reviews from an international consortium of PIs related to interactions between pro-inflammatory cytokines and ion channels during acute lung injury and chronic heart failure.
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 309
ISBN-13: 1615041230
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author: A. Benedetti
Publisher: IOS Press
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 172
ISBN-13: 9781586034740
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe endoplasmic reticulum is a continuous membrane network in the cytosol, which encloses its internal compartment, the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Several metabolic pathways are compartmentalised within the ER lumen, for example hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, glucuronidation of endo- xenobiotics, posttranslational modification of proteins including redox reactions required for oxidative folding, oxidoreduction of steroid hormones, synthesis of ascorbate. Therefore, enzyme activities of these pathways depend on the special luminal microenvironment, on access to substrates and on release of products. However, in spite of great efforts, the molecular mechanism for the generation and maintenance of this special microenvironment still remains to be elucidated. Beside the well-known functions of the endoplasmic reticulum, such as calcium signaling and the synthesis of secretory proteins, recent findings underlined the importance of the intraluminal redox biochemistry and the role of membrane transporters. The field is currently undergoing extensive reappraisal, new transporters have been identified either molecular or functional level.The local synthesis and the membrane transport of redox active compounds (pro- and antioxidants) seem to be important not only in the disulfide bond formation, but also in the generation of intracellular proliferative/apoptotic signals. The different points of views in this publication help highlight the potential importance of several recently described phenomena, whose significance needs elucidation.
Author: E. Kenneth Weir
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 345
ISBN-13: 1461523974
DOWNLOAD EBOOK6 Ions can pass through a single membrane channel at a rate of 10 ions/second. Over the last decade the ability to measure ion flux so precisely and to document the opening and closing of individual ion channels has provided a powerful tool to those working on smooth muscle physiology and vascular reactivity. The use of potassium channel blockers by Tom Lloyd in the 1960s and calcium channel blockers by Ivan McMurtry in the 1970s indicated the importance of ion flux in regulating pulmonary vascular tone. Recent advances in technology. principally the patch-clamp technique and fluorescent ion-sensitive dyes. now permit a more detailed description of physiologic mechanisms. This volume arises from the Sixth Grover Conference on the Pulmonary Circulation. a NATO Advanced Research Workshop. held in Colorado in October 1992. A group of international sCientists who are leaders in the field of ion flux focused their attention on the problems of the pulmonary vasculature. The chapters in this book describe the present state of knowledge of the movement and storage of ions in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Those who are not familiar with the techniques of patch clamping and calcium imaging will find an introduction to these methods in the chapters by Leblanc and Wan and Archer et al. The role of potassium channels in oxygen sensing illustrates the rapid progress which the study of ion currents has made possible.
Author: Irena Levitan, PhD
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-07-06
Total Pages: 439
ISBN-13: 3319296353
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIon channels are the major class of membrane proteins responsible for rapid and regulated transport of ions across biological membranes and for the generation and propagation of electrical signals in the brain, heart, and skeletal and vascular tissues. Ion channels are also known to play critical roles in regulation of cell proliferation, insulin secretion and intracellular signaling in a variety of cell types. This book focuses on the roles of ion channels in vascular tissues under normal and pathological conditions. Vascular abnormalities are known to underlie a plethora of severe pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, coronary or cerebral vasospasm, and diabetes. In addition, misregulated angiogenesis is one of the major contributors to the development of tumors. Therefore, it is clearly imperative to obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to vascular disorders. This book will be the first comprehensive assembly of assays to present the studies that have been done during the last decade to elucidate the roles of ion channels in different vascular diseases.
Author: Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D.
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2006-09-29
Total Pages: 502
ISBN-13: 1420005847
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSince the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Author: J. Robin Harris
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2010-03-10
Total Pages: 641
ISBN-13: 9048186226
DOWNLOAD EBOOKKnowledge of cholesterol and its interaction with protein molecules is of fundamental importance in both animal and human biology. This book contains 22 chapters, dealing in depth with structural and functional aspects of the currently known and extremely diverse unrelated families of cholesterol-binding and cholesterol transport proteins. By drawing together this range of topics the Editor has attempted to correlate this broad field of study for the first time. Technical aspects are given considerable emphasis, particularly in relation cholesterol reporter molecules and to the isolation and study of membrane cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-rich "raft" domains. Cell biological, biochemical and clinical topics are included in this book, which serve to emphasize the acknowledged and important benefits to be gained from the study of cholesterol and cholesterol-binding proteins within the biomedical sciences and the involvement of cholesterol in several clinical disorders. It is hoped that by presenting this topic in this integrated manner that an appreciation of the fact that there is much more that needs to be taken into account, studied and understood than the widely discussed "bad and good cholesterol" associated, respectively, with the low- and high-density lipoproteins, LDL and HDL.
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-11-09
Total Pages: 330
ISBN-13: 4431683674
DOWNLOAD EBOOKResearch centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author: Roland N. Pittman
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Published: 2016-08-18
Total Pages: 117
ISBN-13: 1615047212
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: Toshio Nakanishi
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-02-28
Total Pages: 374
ISBN-13: 9811511853
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.
