This volume introduces a summary of all the techniques used to estimate pH reliably. Emphasis is placed on the techniques that provide the most reliable and detailed data. The role of cell pH is explained with special emphasis on enzymology and membrane transport and bioenergetics. This book was written especially for molecular biologists, biochemists and biophysicists.
Studies of membrane transporters have had great impact on our und- standing human diseases and the design of effective drugs. About 30% of current clinically marketed drugs are targeting membrane transporters or channels. Membrane Transporters: Methods and Protocols provides various practical methodologies for the ongoing research on membrane transporters. To provide readers the most up-to-date information, several emerging fields and methodologies are embraced in this book, including pharmacogenomics, bioin-formatics, and microarray technology. Pharmacogenomics studies of membrane transporters are useful in drug discovery and in predicting drug responses in the clinic. In this volume, the current status of pharma- genomics studies of transporters is reviewed and research methodologies in this field are described. Transporter classification is important in studying the structure and function of membrane transporters and has thus triggered intensive interest in recent years. Membrane Transporters: Methods and Protocols provides a systematic classification of all transmembrane transport proteins found in living org- isms on Earth. This classification system will be helpful for further studies on various aspects of membrane transporters, especially for such large-scale gene expression studies as those employing microarray technologies. Bioinformatics is frequently used in transporter studies and has become indispensable for all kinds of research methods. Commonly used bio- formatics methods, such as databases and tools for sequence analysis and - tif studies, are explained in order to facilitate membrane transporters research. Because of heterogeneous sources and tremendous amounts of data, data in- gration has become one of the most important issues in transporter studies.
A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
I am extremely honored and pleased to have the opportunity to write a few introductory words for this timely volume on Na + /It exchange. This is a field of investigation that I entered into by challenge and necessity, embraced with passion and fmally left in my quest for new discoveries in growth control. Ten years, one third of my scientific life, has been devoted to uncovering the mysteries of intracellular pH (PH;) regulation with respect to growth factor action. I got started on this new topic in 1980, when I heard a rather provocative hypothesis presented by Enrique Rozengurt at an ICN-UCLA Keystone meeting on "Cell Surface and Malignancy". He showed that all mitogens induced amiloride-sensitive Na + entry into resting cells and proposed that, if a compound stimulates Na + influx, it could be a mitogen. In support of his proposal Enrique reported that the amphipathic polypeptide, mellitin, which induced Na+ influx, was indeed mitogenic for 3T3 cells. This was only correlation at this stage. However, I was fascinated by this talk. I immediately approached Enrique to inform him of my skepticism about this beautiful story, and to indicate that I would only be convinced when I succeeded in isolating mutant fibroblasts lacking the amiloride-sensitive Na+ transporter. ''Good luck!" was his response.
Since the first edition of our book "Tissue Culture in Fores try" in 1982 we have witnessed remarkable advances in cell and tissue culture technologies with woody perennials. In addition to forest biologists in government, industry, and universities, we now have molecular biologists, genetic engineers, and biochemists using cell and tissue cultures of woody species routinely. There fore, the time has come for an update of the earlier edition. In our present effort to cover new developments we have expanded to three volumes: 1. General principles and Biotechnology 2. Specific Principles and Methods: Growth and Development 3. Case Histories: Gymnosperms, Angiosperms and Palms The scientific barriers to progress in tree improvement are not so much lack of foreign gene expression in plants but our current inabili ty to regenerate plants in true-to-type fashion on a mas sive and economic scale. To achieve this in the form of an appro pr iate biotechnology, cell and tissue culture will increasing ly require a better understanding of basic principles in chemistry and physics that determine structural and functional relationships among molecules and macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) within cells and tissues. These principles and their relationship with the culture medium and its physical environment, principles of clonal propagation, and genetic variation and ultrastructure are discussed in volume one.
Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells focuses on methods of investigating the structure and function of non-voltage gated calcium channels. Each chapter presents important discoveries in calcium entry pathways, specifically dealing with the molecular identification of store-operated calcium channels which were reviewed by earlier volumes in the Methods in Signal Transduction series. Crystallographic and pharmacological approaches to the study of calcium channels of epithelial cells are also discussed. Calcium ion is a messenger in most cell types. Whereas voltage gated calcium channels have been studied extensively, the non-voltage gated calcium entry channel genes have only been identified relatively recently. The book will fill this important niche.
Cell Cycle Regulation describes the interaction of the nuclear genome, the cytoplasmic pools, the organelles, the cell surface, and the extracellular environment that govern the cell cycle regulation. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book includes cell cycle regulation around nuclear chromatin modulation and some aspects of chromatin modification and its effects on gene expression. The opening chapters describe the macromolecular structure of chromatin subunits and the types and kinds of postsynthetic modifications occurring on histones, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. The subsequent chapter deals extensively on histone phosphorylation, especially histone H1, H1M, H2A, and H3, during the cell cycle. Another chapter describes a selective histone leakage from nuclei during isolation accounting for the role of histone acetylation and phosphorylation in gene expression. This book goes on examining the assembly of microtubules and structural analysis on the regulatory role of calcium into a pattern for mitosis regulation. Other chapters discuss the methods used to measure intracellular pH changes as a function of the cell cycle of Physarum and the quantitative and qualitative changes taking place during the various phases of the cell cycle. The use of mammalian cell fusion to study cell cycle regulation and the protein synthesis regulation during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardi are then discussed. The final chapters focus on the regulation of expression of an inducible structural gene during the cell cycle of the green alga Chlorella. The chapters provide evidence for a model of positive and negative oscillatory control of inducible gene expression. An analysis of the expression of cytoplasmic genes as a function of the cell cycle using pedigrees of a large number of individual yeast cells is also included. This book will appeal to a wide variety of life scientists and to molecular, cellular, and developmental biologists.
Prepared by leading scientists in the field, these volumes compile for the first time, concise, up-to-date reviews of several aspects of the basic properties, distribution, function and regulation of the Na+/H+ antiport. In addition, current methods and the use of inhibitors and ligands for the study of the exchanger are described. These volumes are indispendable to researchers and students in the areas of ion transport, membrane biology and cellular physiology.
I am extremely honored and pleased to have the opportunity to write a few introductory words for this timely volume on Na + /It exchange. This is a field of investigation that I entered into by challenge and necessity, embraced with passion and fmally left in my quest for new discoveries in growth control. Ten years, one third of my scientific life, has been devoted to uncovering the mysteries of intracellular pH (PH;) regulation with respect to growth factor action. I got started on this new topic in 1980, when I heard a rather provocative hypothesis presented by Enrique Rozengurt at an ICN-UCLA Keystone meeting on "Cell Surface and Malignancy". He showed that all mitogens induced amiloride-sensitive Na + entry into resting cells and proposed that, if a compound stimulates Na + influx, it could be a mitogen. In support of his proposal Enrique reported that the amphipathic polypeptide, mellitin, which induced Na+ influx, was indeed mitogenic for 3T3 cells. This was only correlation at this stage. However, I was fascinated by this talk. I immediately approached Enrique to inform him of my skepticism about this beautiful story, and to indicate that I would only be convinced when I succeeded in isolating mutant fibroblasts lacking the amiloride-sensitive Na+ transporter. ''Good luck!" was his response.
This updated volume presents experimentation-based approaches to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) research. Split into three parts, the book explores techniques for analyzing lactic acid bacteria metabolism and characteristics, applications for food-related industries, such as yogurt production, beer, and wine making, and functions of LAB in human health. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introduction to their respective topic, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Lactic Acid Bacteria: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for improving research into this vital area of nutrition and health science.
