Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa
Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

Author: Sheila Omolayowa Ojeaburu

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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We examined the impact of past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) on HIV outcomes among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Durban, South Africa. We assessed past-year IPV using the WHO Violence Against Women Questionnaire. We conducted logistic regression to assess associations between demographic variables and IPV at baseline, and between IPV at baseline and longitudinal HIV outcomes. Among 235 WLHIV, 17% reported past-year emotional, physical, or sexual IPV. At baseline, past-year IPV was associated with 4.35-fold odds of HIV-disclosure to partner (95% CI 1.17-16.10) after controlling for children, education, and harmful alcohol use. In the prospective analysis, IPV was associated with not achieving the co-primary outcome of retention in care and viral suppression in univariate (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.04-5.18), but not in the multivariate model. In the context of rapid treatment scale-up, the high burden of IPV among WLHIV needs to be prioritized, with an emphasis on disclosure support.

Women's Property Rights HIV and AIDS & Domestic Violence
Women's Property Rights HIV and AIDS & Domestic Violence

Author: Human Sciences Research Council

Publisher: HSRC Publishers

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13:

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Revealing how women in many developing countries do not have the right to own or inherit property, this monograph clarifies the role of tenure security in protecting against and mitigating the effects of HIV amongst women and domestic violence. Exploring these linkages in Amajuba, South Africa, and Iganga, Uganda, this qualitative work based on peer-reviewed scientific studies and personal interviews with native women argues that property ownership, while not easily linked to women’s ability to prevent HIV infection, can nonetheless mitigate the impact of AIDS and enhance a woman’s ability to leave a violent situation. An invaluable resource for policymakers, western donors, nongovernmental organization workers, and academics, this analysis details the current land reform efforts as well as HIV/AIDS and domestic-violence policies in both countries, in Africa as a whole, and beyond.

Opportunity in Crisis
Opportunity in Crisis

Author:

Publisher: UNICEF

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13: 9280645862

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Today, around the world, there are 5 million young men and women living with HIV. Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood examines the state of the HIV epidemic among young people, highlighting the challenges they face and presenting solutions informed by evidence of what works with different age groups and in different epidemic settings. The report outlines key steps towards building a continuum of HIV prevention that can help keep children HIV-free as they develop into young adults.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Hiv Serodiscordant Couples In Durban, South Africa
Intimate Partner Violence Among Hiv Serodiscordant Couples In Durban, South Africa

Author: Andrew Tomita

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Background: South Africa has a high prevalence rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV, which can be further exacerbated by HIV serodiscordancy in the couple dyad. Further exploration of the discordancy sidedness in known mediating factors, such as alcohol abuse risk and post-traumatic stress, are also required. This paper aimed to investigate the extent of and gender differences in IPV, alcohol abuse risk and posttraumatic stress symptoms among HIV serodiscordant couples in Durban, South Africa, and to further analyze this with respect to female HIV serostatus.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the data was conducted on 30 serodiscordant couples at the point of enrolment into a pilot study of an HIV risk reduction intervention. The statistical procedure for a dependent small sample was applied to examine gender differences in IPV, alcohol use and posttraumatic stress symptoms among HIV serodiscordant couples.Results: Of the 30 serodiscordant couples enrolled, the women were HIV positive in 18 (60%). The IPV exposure between men (28.57%) and women (89.29%) was significantly different (Proportionaldifference = -0.61, 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.39). Posttraumatic stress symptoms scores between men (Mdn=22; IQR=23) and women (Mdn=44; IQR=28) were significantly different, based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p=0.03). When the above analysis was stratified by female HIV serostatus, we found significant gender differences in IPV and post-traumatic stress in the couples where the female was HIV positive. However, there was a significant gender difference only in IPV where the female was HIV negative. There were no significant gender differences for alcohol abuse risk.Conclusions: The findings demonstrated high levels of IPV in HIV serodiscordant couples, and significant gender difference in mental health risk (i.e. post-traumatic stress) in such relationships, particularly where the woman was HIV positive. HIV intervention programs should address gender-based violence and inequity among heterosexual couples.

Gender and HIV in South Africa
Gender and HIV in South Africa

Author: Courtenay Sprague

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-03-16

Total Pages: 423

ISBN-13: 1137559977

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This book addresses the ongoing problem of HIV in black South African women as a health inequity. Importantly, it argues that this urgent problem of justice is changeable. Sprague uses the capabilities approach to bring a theory of health justice, together with multiple sources of evidence, to investigate the complex problem of HIV and accompanying poor health outcomes in black South African women. Motivated by a concern for application of knowledge, this work discusses how to better conceptualise what health justice demands of state and society, and how to mobilise available evidence on health inequities in ways that compel greater state action to address problems of gender and health. HIV in women, and possible responses, are investigated on four distinct levels: conceptual, social structure, health systems, and law. The analysis demonstrates that this problem is indeed modifiable with long-term interventions and an enhanced state response targeted at multiple levels. This book will be of interest to academics and students in the social health sciences, gender and development studies, and global health, as well as HIV/health activists, government officials, policy makers, HIV clinicians and health providers interested in HIV.

HIV/AIDS in South Africa
HIV/AIDS in South Africa

Author: S. S. Abdool Karim

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-06-17

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 9781139487931

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This second edition of the book provides up-to-date information on new drugs, new proven HIV prevention interventions, a new chapter on positive prevention, and current HIV epidemiology. This definitive text covers all aspects of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, from basic science to medicine, sociology, economics and politics. It has been written by a highly respected team of South African HIV/AIDS experts and provides a thoroughly researched account of the epidemic in the region.

Researching Violence Against Women
Researching Violence Against Women

Author: Mary Ellsberg

Publisher: WHO

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 9789241546478

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Draws on the collective experiences and insights of many individuals, and in particular from the implementation of the WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women in over 10 countries. Twenty years ago, violence against women was not considered an issue worthy of international concern. Gradually, violence against women has come to be recognized as a legitimate human rights issue and as a significant threat to women's health and well-being. Now that international attention is focused on gender-based violence, methodologically rigorous research is needed to guide the formulation and implementation of effective interventions, policies, and prevention strategies. The manual has been developed in response to the growing need to improve the quality, quantity, and comparability of international data on physical and sexual abuse. It outlines some of the methodological and ethical challenges of conducting research on violence against women and describes a range of innovative techniques that have been used to address these challenges.

Poverty in a Rising Africa
Poverty in a Rising Africa

Author: Kathleen Beegle

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2016-03-10

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1464807248

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Perceptions of Africa have changed dramatically. Viewed as a continent of wars, famines and entrenched poverty in the late 1990s, there is now a focus on “Africa rising†? and an “African 21st century.†? Two decades of unprecedented economic growth in Africa should have brought substantial improvements in well-being. Whether or not they did, remains unclear given the poor quality of the data, the nature of the growth process (especially the role of natural resources), conflicts that affect part of the region, and high population growth. Poverty in a Rising Africa documents the data challenges and systematically reviews the evidence on poverty from monetary and nonmonetary perspectives, as well as a focus on dimensions of inequality. Chapter 1 maps out the availability and quality of the data needed to track monetary poverty, reflects on the governance and political processes that underpin the current situation with respect to data production, and describes some approaches to addressing the data gaps. Chapter 2 evaluates the robustness of the estimates of poverty in Africa. It concludes that poverty reduction in Africa may be slightly greater than traditional estimates suggest, although even the most optimistic estimates of poverty reduction imply that more people lived in poverty in 2012 than in 1990. A broad-stroke profile of poverty and trends in poverty in the region is presented. Chapter 3 broadens the view of poverty by considering nonmonetary dimensions of well-being, such as education, health, and freedom, using Sen's (1985) capabilities and functioning approach. While progress has been made in a number of these areas, levels remain stubbornly low. Chapter 4 reviews the evidence on inequality in Africa. It looks not only at patterns of monetary inequality in Africa but also other dimensions, including inequality of opportunity, intergenerational mobility in occupation and education, and extreme wealth in Africa.

Employment, Physical Abuse, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk in a Longitudinal Cohort of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Rural South Africa
Employment, Physical Abuse, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk in a Longitudinal Cohort of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Rural South Africa

Author: Maya Luetke

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Background: The global burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains substantial. South Africa, the setting for this study, is disproportionately affected by these adverse outcomes. Female employment, and female economic empowerment more generally, may impact these adverse outcomes by strengthening women's bargaining power within the context of romantic/intimate relationships and thus increasing their ability to negotiate their needs or, in contrast, increasing their exposure to male backlash as a male partner threatened by changes to the status quo gender norms seeks to reestablish controls. Alternatively, employment may be associated with these outcomes because those that self-select into employment may also be experiencing acute economic vulnerability that predisposes them to the outcomes of IPV, negative sexual health outcomes, and STI acquisition. In this dissertation, we aimed to assess the impact of employment on the risk of IPV, transactional sex, constrained relationship power, and HIV/HSV-2 infection among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in rural South Africa.