International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) & International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI)

International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) & International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI)

Author: Ricarda Albrecht

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2013-04-30

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13: 3656423075

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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Schulwesen, Bildungs- u. Schulpolitik, Note: 1,0, Universität Potsdam (Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Familien unterscheiden sich systematisch in den vorhandenen Ressourcen für ein lernförderliches Umfeld und stellen damit unterschiedliche soziale Entwicklungsmilieus dar, die zu Ungleichheiten im Erwerb von Kompetenzen und in der Bildungsbeteiligung der Kinder führe.n Diese Ressourcen werden wesentlich durch den sozioökonomischen Status der Eltern bestimmt. Zur Bestimmung der sozioökonomischen Stellung der Eltern werden dabei in der aktuellen Schulleistungsforschung vor allem Angaben zur Berufstätigkeit der Eltern herangezogen, die dafür entsprechend bestimmter internationaler Vorgaben kodiert werden müssen. Das für solche Kodierungen am weitesten verbreitete System stellt die International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) dar. Der in Umfragen erfassten beruflichen Tätigkeit der Eltern wird ein ISCO-Berufscode zuzuordnen. Werden diese ISCO-Werte in einem weiteren Schritt in entsprechende Berufsrangskalen umgewandelt, dienen sie zur Beschreibung der Stellung der Eltern in der sozialen Hierarchie, also zur Bestimmung des sozioökonomischen Status der Herkunftsfamilien. Eine häufig verwendete Rangskala zur Betrachtung der sozioökonomischen Stellung ist der International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI). Ziel dieser Arbeit soll es sein, zum einen einen theoretischen Überblick über die ISCO und den ISEI zu geben, aber auch eine anwendungsorientierte Vorstellung der aktuellsten Version beider und des Übergangs von der jeweiligen Vorgängerversion zu liefern. Damit soll eine theoretische und praktische Grundlage für die Verwendung der Systeme in der Forschungsarbeit gegeben werden. Hierfür wird zunächst die ISCO genauer vorgestellt und Informationen zu deren Entwicklung und Verbreitung, dem zugrunde liegenden Konzept sowie dem Aufbau des Klassifikationssystems geliefert. Daneben werden Hinweise zum Codierungsprozess gegeben. Anschließend folgt die Vorstellung des ISEI, bei der zunächst eine kurze allgemeine Einführung zu Messungen des beruflichen Status gegeben wird, bevor genauer auf das Konzept und die Entwicklung des ISEI sowie auf dessen Validität eingegangen wird. Im zweiten, etwas anwendungsorientierteren Teil der Arbeit, stehen Veränderungen von den Vorgängerversionen zu den aktuellen Versionen der ISCO und des ISEI im Fokus. Dabei wird zunächst auf Veränderungen von ISCO-88 zu ISCO-08 und anschließend auf Veränderungen von ISEI-88 zu ISEi-08 eingegangen.


International Standard Classification of Occupations

International Standard Classification of Occupations

Author: International Labour Office

Publisher: International Labor Office

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13:

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The International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08) is a four-level hierarchically structured classification that covers all jobs in the world. Developed with the benefit of accumulated national and international experience as well as the help of experts from many countries and agencies, ISCO-08 is fully supported by the international community as an accepted standard for international labour statistics. ISCO-08 classifies jobs into 436 unit groups. These unit groups are aggregated into 130 minor groups, 43 sub-major groups and 10 major groups, based on their similarity in terms of the skill level and skill specialisation required for the jobs. This allows the production of relatively detailed internationally comparable data as well as summary information for only 10 groups at the highest level of aggregation. Each group in the classification is designated by a title and code number and is associated with a definition that specifies the scope of the group. The classification is divided into two volumes: Volume I presents the structure and definitions of all groups in ISCO-08 and their correspondence with ISCO-88, which it supersedes, while Volume II provides an updated and expanded index of occupational titles and associated ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 codes.


Harmonising Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables for Cross-National Comparative Survey Research

Harmonising Demographic and Socio-Economic Variables for Cross-National Comparative Survey Research

Author: Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-07

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 9400772386

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This book explains harmonisation techniques that can be used in survey research to align national systems of categories and definitions in such a way that comparison is possible across countries and cultures. It provides an introduction to instruments for collecting internationally comparable data of interest to survey researchers. It shows how seven key demographic and socio-economic variables can be harmonised and employed in European comparative surveys. The seven key variables discussed in detail are: education, occupation, income, activity status, private household, ethnicity, and family. These demographic and socio-economic variables are background variables that no survey can do without. They frequently have the greatest explanatory capacity to analyse social structures, and are a mirror image of the way societies are organised nationally. This becomes readily apparent when one attempts, for example, to compare national education systems. Moreover, a comparison of the national definitions of concepts such as "private household" reveals several different historically and culturally shaped underlying concepts. Indeed, some European countries do not even have a word for "private household". Hence such national definitions and categories cannot simply be translated from one culture to another. They must be harmonised. ​


PISA 2022 Technical Report

PISA 2022 Technical Report

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2024-03-01

Total Pages: 550

ISBN-13: 9264824766

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This Technical Report has been prepared by those who implemented PISA during its 2022 cycle to provide transparency to these procedures and to the statistical and mathematical methods that underpin the comparability and validity of PISA 2022 results.


The Legitimacy of Economic Inequality

The Legitimacy of Economic Inequality

Author: Juan Carlos Castillo

Publisher: Universal-Publishers

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 1599423766

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This research is an empirical study of the legitimacy of economic inequality with a focus on the case of Chile. Chile is an appealing case study in this regard because it has been one of the countries with the highest indexes of economic inequality over the past several decades. Theoretical perspectives based on the rational interest of the median voter have pointed out a negative association between high levels of inequality and legitimacy. Nevertheless, empirical evidence indicates that an unequal distribution of income is not necessarily challenged by the majority of a society, a phenomenon associated with the concept of legitimacy of economic inequality. Most empirical studies of this topic to date have considered social contexts that are not characterized by (comparatively) high levels of income inequality; thus, the impact of the level of inequality on its legitimacy remains largely unclear. The present study aimed at bridging this research gap, guided by the question: How do high levels of income inequality in a society influence the legitimacy of economic inequality? Using data obtained by comparative public opinion projects including the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) and the International Social Justice Project (ISJP), this research considered individual preferences for occupational earnings inequality (the just earnings gap) as the main object of study. The central hypothesis was that individual preferences are strongly influenced by contextual standards such as the current income distribution, leading individuals of countries with high levels of inequality to have stronger average preferences for economic inequality (the so-called existential argument). Empirical evidence of legitimacy was related to two central dimensions based on David Beetham's multidimensional concept of legitimacy: (a) consensus regarding the inequality in the distribution of earnings in Chile and (b) the impact of the country level of income inequality on individual preferences for a larger just earnings gap. The empirical analysis provided partial evidence regarding the consensus about inequality in Chile, whereas in an international comparative framework, countries with higher levels of income inequality showed a stronger preference for a larger just earnings gap.


Handbook of Pragmatics

Handbook of Pragmatics

Author: Jan-Ola Östman

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2022-04-15

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 902721090X

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This encyclopaedia of one of the major fields of language studies is a continuously updated source of state-of-the-art information for anyone interested in language use. The IPrA Handbook of Pragmatics provides easy access – for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language – to the different topics, traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics, broadly conceived as the cognitive, social and cultural study of language and communication, i.e. the science of language use. The Handbook of Pragmatics is a unique reference work for researchers, which has been expanded and updated continuously with annual installments since 1995. Also available as Online Resource: https://benjamins.com/online/hop


Handbook of Pragmatics

Handbook of Pragmatics

Author: Jef Verschueren

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2022-08-15

Total Pages: 1906

ISBN-13: 902725768X

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The Manual section of the Handbook of Pragmatics, produced under the auspices of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), is a collection of articles describing traditions, methods, and notational systems relevant to the field of linguistic pragmatics; the main body of the Handbook contains all topical articles. The first edition of the Manual was published in 1995. This second edition includes a large number of new traditions and methods articles from the 24 annual installments of the Handbook that have been published so far. It also includes revised versions of some of the entries in the first edition. In addition, a cumulative index provides cross-references to related topical entries in the annual installments of the Handbook and the Handbook of Pragmatics Online (at https://benjamins.com/online/hop/), which continues to be updated and expanded. This second edition of the Manual is intended to facilitate access to the most comprehensive resource available today for any scholar interested in pragmatics as defined by the International Pragmatics Association: “the science of language use, in its widest interdisciplinary sense as a functional (i.e. cognitive, social, and cultural) perspective on language and communication.”


PISA 2009 Technical Report

PISA 2009 Technical Report

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2012-03-27

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 9264167870

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The PISA 2009 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2009 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analysis.


PISA 2006 Technical Report

PISA 2006 Technical Report

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2009-01-19

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 926404809X

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The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to replicate its analyses.


The Coherence of Linguistic Communities

The Coherence of Linguistic Communities

Author: Karen V. Beaman

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2022-05-04

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 1000550176

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This innovative collection brings together a range of perspectives on the notions of "orderly heterogeneity" and "social meaning", shedding light on how structured variation and indexicalities of social meaning "cohere" within linguistic communities. This book fills a gap in research on language variation by critically considering the position articulated by Weinrich, Labov, and Herzog in 1968 that linguistic diversity is systematically organized in ways that reflect and construct social order. The volume investigates such key themes as covariation and co-occurrence restrictions; indexicality, perception and social meaning; coherence and language change; and the structure and measurement of coherence at different levels of analysis. This collection advances our understanding of the coherence of linguistic communities through empirical investigations of larger and more diverse sets of variables, language varieties, speech styles, and communities, as afforded by the development and advancement of new methods and models in sociolinguistic research. This book is of interest to scholars in sociolinguistics, language variation and change, and formal linguistics, as well as those interested in developments on research methods in linguistics.