Scientific and practical principles of development of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization of power

Scientific and practical principles of development of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization of power

Author: Baldynyuk V., Dmytrenko R., Furman I., Kolesnyk T., Feniak L., Pronko L., Bereziuk S., Shevchuk H., Tokarchuk D., Yaremchuk N., Zelenchuk N.

Publisher: International Science Group

Published: 2022-06-09

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Today, in the conditions of transformation of public consciousness, which is the source and driving force of changes in our society, it is the person with his needs and interests who is at the center of these changes and determines the vector of society as a whole. In the context of decentralization of power, which implies more rights and, consequently, responsibilities to local communities, their effective management requires well-considered and sound decisions. The study of the state of rural development confirms the fact that only the integrated development of regions, including communities, ensure their stability and the most efficient use of resource potential. Well-considered decisions of community leaders will promote the development of entrepreneurship in the regions and the state as a whole. Balanced tax and credit policies will provide favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, which involve a significant part of the state's citizens. In the future, the success of administrative reform will be determined by the extent to which local governments can effectively use the community's resource potential through a favorable local business environment, attract investment in regional development, create new jobs and develop infrastructure. Therefore, the decisions made by local governments today must be adaptive and timely, and must be based on the basic provisions of the strategy of community development and the region as a whole, be comprehensive and systematic. However, subjectivity and incompetence in decision-making by representatives of different levels of government an active demotivator for entrepreneurship, as it inhibits its development and the development of communities, respectively. Such domestic scientists as Andriychuk V., Zabolotny G., Zakharchenko V., Kaletnik G., Kubay O., Mazur A., Mesel-Veselyak V., Shinkovych A., Sabluk P. and others, determined the prerequisites for creating highly effective territorial communities. 4 Theoretical developments and practical recommendations of these scientists were reflected in scientific works and directly in the implementation of administrative reform in our country. Scientists have created basic approaches to creating highly effective communities and their further development. However, the novelty of the issue, the lack of practical experience of local government leadership in the effective management of newly created communities and the new challenges of today, require further research on this issue. In order to increase the effectiveness of decisions at the level of territorial communities need further development and scientific substantiation of scientific and practical principles of development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power. According to the authors under these conditions, special attention should be paid to: the key factors that influence effective management decisions; features of building a rational organizational structure of local government; prerequisites for rational use of community resource potential; energy and food security issues, etc. This determines the relevance of this research. The results of the presented research in the monograph are made within the initiative of the Department of Administrative Management and Alternative Energy Sources of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University "Ensuring the development of territorial communities in terms of local government reform" state registration number: 0122U002096. for 2022-2024.


Global Trends 2040

Global Trends 2040

Author: National Intelligence Council

Publisher: Cosimo Reports

Published: 2021-03

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 9781646794973

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.


Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs

Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs

Author: Medani P. Bhandari

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-09-01

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 1000792927

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).


Second Tier Cities

Second Tier Cities

Author: Ann R. Markusen

Publisher: U of Minnesota Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 470

ISBN-13: 9780816633739

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Over the past thirty years, transnational investment, trade, and government policies have encouraged the decentralization of national economies, disrupting traditional patterns of urban and regional growth. Many smaller cities -- such as Seattle, Washington; Campinas, Brazil; Oita, Japan; and Kumi, Korea -- have grown markedly faster than the largest metropolises. Dubbed here "second tier cities, " they are home to specialized industrial complexes that have taken root, provided significant job growth, and attracted mobile capital and labor. The culmination of an ambitious five-year, fourteen-city research project conducted by an international team of economics and geographers, Second Tier Cities examines the potential of these new regions to balance uneven regional development, create good, stable jobs, and moderate hyper-urbanization. Comparing across national borders, the contributors describe four types of second tier cities: Marshallian industrial districts, hub-and-spoke cities, satellite platforms, and government-anchored complexes. They find that both industrial and regional policies have been important contributors to the rise of second tier cities, though the former often trump the latter. Lessons for local, national, and international policymakers are drawn. The authors are critical of devolution and argue that it must be accompanied by strong labor and environmental standards and mechanisms to overcome differential regional resource endowments.


Territorial Implications of High Speed Rail

Territorial Implications of High Speed Rail

Author: José M. de Ureña

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-04-01

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1317046145

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

High Speed Rail's (HSR) main objective is to attract air passengers between big metropolitan areas however the main territorial implications in many cases occur not in these metropolitan areas but in the intermediate cities. These implications open up new spatial planning possibilities such as decentralization, new regional centres and urban renewal projects. This book presents the experience of 20 years of HSR in Spain including some explicit information, arguments and conclusions derived from HSR in other European Countries. It debates the HSR territorial implications at three scales: national, regional and local, thus being of interest for strategic debates at those scales, such as the decision of new national lines, the pros and cons of deviating the line to reach minor intermediate cities or the selection of precise locations for new stations and the development projects in their surroundings. Comparisons with the recent changes in accessibility, spatial distribution of population and activities, are made with mobility for working purposes and with the characteristics of the HSR passengers. This book also examines the actions, strategies and urban projects that medium size cities can use to make best use of HSR opportunities, synthesising the experience of HSR medium cities in Spain and Europe. The book's conclusions will be of interest, over and above scholars, to transport infrastructure decision makers, city and regional planners and managers, and transport companies.


Japan Transformed

Japan Transformed

Author: Frances Rosenbluth

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2010-04-12

Total Pages: 263

ISBN-13: 1400835097

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

With little domestic fanfare and even less attention internationally, Japan has been reinventing itself since the 1990s, dramatically changing its political economy, from one managed by regulations to one with a neoliberal orientation. Rebuilding from the economic misfortunes of its recent past, the country retains a formidable economy and its political system is healthier than at any time in its history. Japan Transformed explores the historical, political, and economic forces that led to the country's recent evolution, and looks at the consequences for Japan's citizens and global neighbors. The book examines Japanese history, illustrating the country's multiple transformations over the centuries, and then focuses on the critical and inexorable advance of economic globalization. It describes how global economic integration and urbanization destabilized Japan's postwar policy coalition, undercut the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's ability to buy votes, and paved the way for new electoral rules that emphasized competing visions of the public good. In contrast to the previous system that pitted candidates from the same party against each other, the new rules tether policymaking to the vast swath of voters in the middle of the political spectrum. Regardless of ruling party, Japan's politics, economics, and foreign policy are on a neoliberal path. Japan Transformed combines broad context and comparative analysis to provide an accurate understanding of Japan's past, present, and future.