Governments are under increasing pressure to produceOCoand to demonstrateOCoresults in terms of their mission. Over the last decade, countries around the world have undertaken reforms with the aim of improving the relevance and effectiveness of public services and the quality of public sector management. Integrating Performance and Budgets showcases attempts by federal and state governments, as well as a mix of developed and developing countries, to introduce performance or results-oriented budgeting and management as a means to support better decision making and accountability."
Governments are under increasing pressure to produce—and to demonstrate—results in terms of their mission. Over the last decade, countries around the world have undertaken reforms with the aim of improving the relevance and effectiveness of public services and the quality of public sector management. Integrating Performance and Budgets showcases attempts by federal and state governments, as well as a mix of developed and developing countries, to introduce performance or results-oriented budgeting and management as a means to support better decision making and accountability.
This book provides a fresh look at the process by which governments hold themselves accountable to their citizens for performance. Unlike the plethora of other books in the field, it examines all aspects of the Performance Management and Budgeting issue, not only from the federal, state, and local perspectives, but also internationally in both developing and developed countries. Covering both conceptual and theoretical frameworks in performance management and budget, the book analyzes the effectiveness of different approaches. Featuring insights from a group of distinguished contributors, it ties current performance management approaches into the century-old literature on public sector reform and management, and presents arguments for and against performance management as well as recommendations on how to improve the enterprise.
Performance budgeting involves costs, from the drafting and passage of legal foundations, and the political capital and will to implement it, to training personnel to create a performance-oriented culture, and information technology requirements to track performance. Through comprehensive examination of performance budgeting laws, in-depth interviews of those practicing in government agencies, and quantitative survey analysis, Public Performance Budgeting examines the influence of performance measurement and evaluation on all phases of the budgeting process. Lu and Willoughby present original research and case studies to explore how performance is linked to public budgets and government results, its impacts on budgeting systems, and possible unintended consequences. A summary assessment of how performance measurement could and should play a role in furthering performance budgeting is explored in a concluding chapter. The first of its kind to spotlight budget practice through the lens of juvenile justice, this book is required reading for all those studying public budgeting, management, and policy.
Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting: Lessons from the Experiences of Seven Reforming Countries analyzes the difficulties that national governments have had in linking measurement of performance and results to the annual budget process. The book is based on intensive reviews of four advanced countries that were early reformers and three pioneers in Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to looking at their current systems, Toward Next-Generation Performance Budgeting looks at how their approaches have evolved over time. This book attempts to fill a gap between survey-based self-assessments and best-practice guides. It was compiled in response to the concerns of budget departments in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, many of which are committed to adopting some form of performance-based budgeting and are seeking to learn from the experiences of previous reformers what the practical challenges are and how they can adapt best-practice approaches to a messy reality. The case studies demonstrate a general pattern of disappointment with the results of performance budgeting, balanced by a strong belief in the underlying logic, which has resulted in repeated efforts to modify approaches to tighten the links between budgeting and performance. These efforts have resulted in significant variation in how countries have implemented performance budgeting and in the benefits they have derived. These variations offer guidance for models of next-generation performance budgeting, avoiding classic pitfalls, and incorporating modifications introduced by those who have used it longest and found it useful.
This text describes performance budgeting as the integration of the components of performance management - planning, performance measurement, benchmarking, and evaluation - into the framework of state and local government budgeting. The authors present performance budgeting not as a stand-alone budgeting technique, but as an extension of the traditional budget process that reconciles financial and operational accountability. The authors make frequent references to their original research and personal experiences with performance measurement, citizen satisfaction surveys, and financial management practices. They introduce findings from a nationwide survey of public managers throughout the text to illustrate how managers actually use performance data for decision-making. The book also includes several case studies in performance budgeting as well as interviews with managers and practitioners. Designed for use in undergraduate and graduate level courses in public budgeting/financial management, this practical text will be equally useful for any student or practitioner involved in performance-based management.
This book examines the theory and practice of performance budgeting, which aims make government more effective by linking the funding of government agencies to the results they deliver. Combining thematic studies and case studies, it clearly presents the diverse range of contemporary performance budgeting models and examines their effectiveness.
Using theoretical frameworks to explore the political, organizational, and cultural dynamics of performance budgeting, this book examines the adoption of performance budgeting in a variety of countries, how it has been implemented, and why it succeeded or failed. Chapters include case studies from a wide range of continents and regions including the U.S., Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Each case study pays careful attention to the unique historical, political, and cultural contexts of reform and closely examines how performance informed the budgetary process. Chapters investigate theory-driven analysis, focusing on common themes related to international policy diffusion, organizational change, stakeholder politics and gaming, communication and information management, principal–agent dynamics, and institutional constraints. Contributors include both scholars and seasoned practitioners with extensive experience in implementing or advising performance budgeting reforms. With emphases on both theories and practices, this book is written for graduate courses in public budgeting and comparative public administration, providing theoretical insights into budgeting reforms in developing countries, as well as practice-relevant and actionable recommendations for current and future policymakers and budget reformers.
"The power of a flexible budget lies in its ability to adjust to life's unexpected events." Flexible Budgeting Essentials: A Route to Financial Success is the ultimate guide to mastering the art of flexible budgeting. This comprehensive book covers everything you need to know about flexible budgeting, from the basics to advanced applications in a variety of industries. The book begins with an overview of the essential concepts behind flexible budgeting, including what it is, why it's important, and the differences between fixed and flexible budgets. It then walks readers through the components of a flexible budget, including variable costs, fixed costs, and semi-variable costs. Readers will also learn how to create their own flexible budget, including how to estimate costs accurately and budget for different levels of activity. The book includes detailed guidance on how to analyze variances in a flexible budget and use them for decision-making. The book also covers advanced topics in flexible budgeting, such as integrating flexible budgeting with standard costing, using flexible budgeting for capital expenditures, and comparing zero-based budgeting with flexible budgeting. Readers will also learn about the role of technology in flexible budgeting, future trends in the field, and how to develop a flexible mindset. In addition to practical guidance, the book includes case studies that illustrate successful implementations of flexible budgeting in a variety of settings, including small businesses, corporate environments, non-profit organizations, and public sector agencies. Flexible Budgeting Essentials also covers important ethical and psychological considerations in budgeting, such as promoting transparency and accountability, coping with change, and encouraging a culture of adaptability and innovation. Whether you are a finance student, a professional analyst, an entrepreneur, or simply someone interested in improving your financial skills, Flexible Budgeting Essentials is the perfect guide to getting started with flexible budgeting. With clear explanations, real-world examples, and practical tools and techniques, this book will help you take your budgeting to the next level and achieve financial success.Table of Contents: Understanding Flexible Budgeting What is a Flexible Budget? The Importance of Flexibility in Budgeting Fixed Budget vs. Flexible Budget The Components of a Flexible Budget Variable Costs Fixed Costs Semi-variable Costs Creating a Flexible Budget Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Flexible Budget Budgeting for Different Levels of Activity Estimating Costs Accurately Flexible Budget Variances Understanding Variances Analyzing Variances in a Flexible Budget Using Variances for Decision Making Flexible Budgets and Performance Evaluation Role of a Flexible Budget in Performance Measurement Advantages of Using Flexible Budgets for Performance Evaluation Potential Pitfalls and Solutions Flexible Budgets in Different Industries Manufacturing Industry Service Industry Retail Industry Case Studies: Flexible Budgeting in Practice Small Business Scenario Corporate Scenario Non-profit Organization Scenario Advanced Topics in Flexible Budgeting Integrating Flexible Budgeting with Standard Costing Flexible Budgeting for Capital Expenditures Zero-Based Budgeting vs. Flexible Budgeting The Role of Technology in Flexible Budgeting Using Spreadsheet Software for Flexible Budgeting Advanced Budgeting Software Options The Impact of Automation on Budgeting Future Trends in Flexible Budgeting The Increasing Importance of Agility in Budgeting The Role of Big Data and Analytics in Budgeting The Impact of Economic Changes on Flexible Budgeting Final Thoughts: Developing a Flexible Mindset The Benefits of a Flexible Approach to Budgeting The Link Between Flexible Budgeting and Organizational Culture Ensuring Long-Term Success with Flexible Budgeting Overcoming Challenges in Flexible Budgeting Identifying Common Budgeting Mistakes How to Mitigate Risks in Flexible Budgeting Navigating Uncertainties in Revenue and Costs Flexible Budgeting for Personal Finances Adapting Flexible Budgeting for Personal Use Managing Personal Expenses with a Flexible Budget Savings and Investments: A Flexible Approach Flexible Budgeting for Entrepreneurs Importance of Flexible Budgeting for Start-ups Case Study: A Start-up's Success with Flexible Budgeting Tips for Entrepreneurs: Staying Flexible with Limited Resources Flexible Budgeting in the Public Sector Challenges of Budgeting in Public Sector Organizations The Role of Flexible Budgeting in Public Finance Management Case Study: Successful Implementation of a Flexible Budget in a Public Agency Beyond Budgeting: A Radical Alternative? Understanding the Beyond Budgeting Model Comparing Flexible Budgeting with Beyond Budgeting Evaluating the Applicability of Beyond Budgeting Implementing a Flexible Budgeting System The Role of Leadership in Budgeting Process Change Training and Development for Effective Flexible Budgeting Measuring the Success of Your Flexible Budget Implementation The Ethics of Flexible Budgeting Understanding Ethical Considerations in Budgeting Promoting Transparency and Accountability in Flexible Budgeting Ethical Dilemmas in Budget Variance Analysis and Management The Psychological Aspects of Flexible Budgeting The Impact of Flexible Budgeting on Employee Motivation Coping with Change: Psychological Factors in Budgeting Flexibility Encouraging a Culture of Adaptability and Innovation Mastering the Art of Flexible Budgeting: Key Takeaways Lessons Learned from Successful Flexible Budget Implementations Key Skills for Effective Flexible Budgeting The Future of Budgeting: Staying Flexible in a Changing WorldISBN: 9781776849567
