The plant microbiome and its importance for plant and human health
The plant microbiome and its importance for plant and human health

Author: Martin Grube

Publisher: Frontiers E-books

Published: 2015-01-22

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 2889193780

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The study of plant-microbe associations by new techniques has significantly improved our understanding of the structure and specificity of the plant microbiome. Yet, microbiome function and the importance of the plant’s microbiome in the context of human and plant health are largely unexplored. Comparable with our human microbiome, millions of microbes inhabit plants, forming complex ecological communities that influence plant growth and health through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective can provide insight into how to promote plant health and stress tolerance of their hosts or how to adapt to a changing climate by targeting this microbial community. Moreover, the plant microbiome has a substantial impact on human health by influencing our gut microbiome by eating raw plants such as lettuce and herbs but also by influencing the microbiome of our environment through airflow. This research topic comprising reviews, original and opinion articles highlights the current knowledge regarding plant microbiomes, their specificity, diversity and function as well as all aspects studying the management of plant microbiomes to enhance plant growth, health quality and stress tolerance.

Plant-Microbe Interactions
Plant-Microbe Interactions

Author: B.B. Biswas

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1998-04-30

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 9780306456787

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Recent years have seen tremendous progress in unraveling the molecular basis of different plant-microbe interactions. Knowledge has accumulated on the mecha nisms of the microbial infection of plants, which can lead to either disease or resistance. The mechanisms developed by plants to interact with microbes, whether viruses, bacteria, or fungi, involve events that can lead to symbiotic association or to disease or tumor formation. Cell death caused by pathogen infection has been of great interest for many years because of its association with plant resistance. There appear to be two types of plant cell death associated with pathogen infection, a rapid hypersensitive cell death localized at the site of infection during an incompatible interaction between a resistant plant and an avirulent pathogen, and a slow, normosensitive plant cell death that spreads beyond the site of infection during some compatible interactions involving a susceptible plant and a virulent, necrogenic pathogen. Plants possess a number of defense mechanisms against infection, such as (i) production of phytoalexin, (ii) formation of hydrolases, (iii) accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein and lignin deposition, (iv) production of pathogen-related proteins, (v) produc tion of oligosaccharides, jasmonic acid, and various other phenolic substances, and (vi) production of toxin-metabolizing enzymes. Based on these observations, insertion of a single suitable gene in a particular plant has yielded promising results in imparting resistance against specific infection or disease. It appears that a signal received after microbe infection triggers different signal transduction pathways.

Investigating the Elements of Plant Defense Mechanisms Within Plant Immune Responses Against Pathogens
Investigating the Elements of Plant Defense Mechanisms Within Plant Immune Responses Against Pathogens

Author: Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-11-11

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 2832556566

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Biotic stress can increase or reduce a plant's susceptibility to specific pathogens. A wide range of plant pathogens, i.e., viruses, bacteria, and fungi causing diseases, modulate different elements of plant defense mechanisms responses that influence disease and the physiological state of host plants. Nevertheless, plant hosts are not static and defenseless. Plants have developed active and dynamic complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves against different pathogenic stressors. Plants' defense mechanisms consist of multi-elements and can be determined by pre-formed, natural barriers or inducible defense responses directly activated upon detection of a pathogen. The inducible response is defined as ‘basal resistance’ or ‘innate immunity’ and is regulated by signal transduction and transcriptional networks. Moreover, plant responses to pathogens are finely tuned and complex at the immune receptor, cellular, proteome, epigenetic, and transcriptome levels. We can tell that a sophisticated molecular ‘arms race’ is taking place in the biological co-evolution of plant-pathogen interactions especially in developing novel elements involved in this interaction. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the broad spectrum and underlying elements of defense mechanisms in the interactions between plants and their pathogenic enemies will improve plant resistance to pathogens.