In English, French and Spanish. Parallel title (1) Rapports des pays et communications prâsentâs á. Parallel title (2) Informes nacionales y trabajos presentados en la
This document deals with the problems of fish culture, particularly carp, in eastern Europe. It reviews the types, methodology and role of fish culture and the economic analysis of this activity. It shows that there is no universal method for economic analysis of fish culture, especially if it has to be used for comparing economic efficiency of fish farming activities, and presents a general simplified outline of feasible economic analysis.
The basic principles of fish transport and the main factors affecting it (fish species, fish developmental stages and quality, transport time, temperature, oxygen content, fish metabolism products, etc.) are evaluated on the basis of an analysis of the pertinent literature. For the two basic fish transport systems, the closed and the open ones, the transport units are described and the densities of transported fish per unit volume under actual conditions are tabulated for guidance. The survey is complemented by the description of the existing methods for the chemical treatment of the environment inside the transport systems and for the treatment of the fish transported, such as fish anaesthetics, chemical water conditioning and antibacterial treatment.
Management of artisanal fisheries in coastal lagoons and estuaries is treated in three broad categories -- regulatory management, non-regulatory management, and interactions between fisheries or fishery interests. Regulation of artisanal fisheries in coastal lagoons and estuaries by government authority is hampered for several reasons. Technical and financial constraints on government severely limit enforcement capabilities. Socio-economic considerations, chiefly the lack of alternative employment opportunities for fishermen, preclude the adoption of many of the classical regulatory management techniques. As a means to complement or supplement management by central government authority, revitalization of local traditional authority is advocated. Non-regulatory management, the application of methods which increase capture and culture fishery potential through manipulation of the environment, is illustrated by various kinds of hydraulic engineering, predator control, stocking, artificial nursery areas, and brush-park fisheries. Interactions between fisheries or fishery interests is treated at several levels. Considered are competition between groups of fishermen of different ethnic and economic backgrounds, interactions between artisanal capture fisheries and aquaculture, and competition between artisanal fisheries of coastal lagoons and estuaries and off-shore shore industrial fisheries which fish the same stocks.
The European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission organized on 29-30 May 1980 a symposium on new developments in the utilization of heated effluents and of recirculation systems for intensive aquaculture, in Stavanger, Norway. There were six consecutive technical sessions during which the various topics were introduced and discussed. These topics referred to water quality, engineering/technology of equipment facilities, biology of cultured organisms, management/economics of rearing systems and socio-economics. A series of recommendations were made, six of them being later endorsed by the Commission at its Eleventh Session. These include (i) the establishment of a working party to analyze the problems related to fish farms effluents (ii) the activation of a correspondence group to propose terminology, format and units of measurement related to flow-through systems and to recirculation systems (iii) the preparation of a code of practice on the introduction of non-indigenous species.
