Providing a comprehensive interdisciplinary assessment, and with a particular focus on expressions of tension and anxiety about modernity, this collection examines visual culture in nineteenth-century Europe as it attempted to redefine itself in the face of social change and new technologies. Contributing scholars from the fields of history, art, literature and the history of science investigate the role of visual representation and the dominance of the image by looking at changing ideas expressed in representations of science, technology, politics, and culture in advertising, art, periodicals, and novels. They investigate how, during the period, new emphasis was placed on the visual with emerging forms of mass communication?photography, lithography, newspapers, advertising, and cinema?while older forms as varied as poetry, the novel, painting, interior decoration, and architecture became transformed. The volume includes investigations into new innovations and scientific development such as the steam engine, transportation and engineering, the microscope, "spirit photography," and the orrery, as well as how this new technology is reproduced in illustrated periodicals. The essays also look at more traditional forms of creative expression to show that the same concerns and anxieties about science, technology and the changing perceptions of the natural world can be seen in the art of Armand Guillaumin, Auguste Rodin, Gustave Caillebotte, and Camille Pissarro, in colonial nineteenth-century novels, in design manuals, in museums, and in the decorations of domestic interior spaces. Visions of the Industrial Age, 1830-1914 offers a thorough exploration of both the nature of modernity, and the nature of the visual.
How important were Sioux authors such as Charles Eastman in the opinion of the writer responsible for Black Elk Speaks? What will be the legacy of modern poetry according to the poet behind The Cycle of the West? Knowledge and Opinion offers an unparalleled glimpse into the social and literary thought of John G. Neihardt (1881?1973), one of America's most celebrated poets and authors. A wealth of little-known essays and reviews deepen and round out our appreciation for the accomplishments of Neihardt by revealing his no-nonsense opinions about noted literary figures and trends, events, and social issues of his day. Featured in these pages are Neihardt's views of such literary giants as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Robert Frost, H. G. Wells, e. e. Cummings, Dorothy Parker, Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, Eugene O'Neill, and Upton Sinclair. The contributions of Sigmund Freud, anthropologist Paul Radin, and modern philosophers like Bertrand Russell do not escape his sweeping gaze. In their entirety, these essays showcase Neihardt's perspectives and opinions on a wide range of subjects and issues, including modern poetry, the qualities of great literature, twentieth-century trends in writing and literary criticism, the defining characteristics of Western civilization, the literatures and cultures of Native Americans, the lost world of the Old West, economic turmoil in the Great Depression, and the enduring power of classical thought. This rich archive of essays and reviews will surprise, delight, and provoke those who thought they already knew John G. Neihardt.
The Mass Image situates the creation of the first photographically illustrated magazines within the social relations of the emerging popular culture of late Victorian London. It demonstrates how photomechanical reproduction allowed the illustrated press to envisage modern life on a much more intense scale than ever before.
Bruce Hastie, a young, naive Scottish engineer, comes to live in a London flat while he works as a graduate apprentice in a turbine factory. It is 1958. He has two contrasting flat-mates, selected by a special agency, a disillusioned actor, Benjamin Garrick, and a rough, crude washing machine salesman, Edward Flunk, also known as Skunk. Bruce starts work at General Turbines Limited in the smoke, grime and heat of the foundry. One lunch-break he finds his chargehand boss, a huge, strong, Yorkshireman nicknamed Heavy, reading and enjoying some Dylan Thomas poetry. This is a paradox that mystifies the class-conscious Bruce whom Heavy brands as an intellectual snob. Heavy expounds on his soapbox that the arts have been kept away from the working class, that they and society at large need saving from rampant materialism and its attendant viciousness by a good dose of the spiritual values that only poetry, art, theatre and classical music can offer. Then follows two chapters that develop the character of Skunk and Benjamin. Skunk, a self-appointed sexual conqueror of women, has the tables turned on him when he encounters an educated, beautiful but unbalanced seductress when called to fix her washing machine that supposedly has electrocuted her dog. Benjamin is sent home sick from rehearsal, accompanied by fellow actor Sally Frinton-Jones. His malaise is psychological for he is disillusioned by the theatre and his performance in it. By this time, Heavy has Bruce believing in his ideas about the need to educate the common masses in the arts. Benjamin, also a convert to Heavy’s “renaissance” through Bruce’s dogmatism, cannot persuade Sally of the practicality of those ideas. Bruce goes into action by piping Beethoven’s 5th Symphony into the motor assembly shop at General Turbines where 300 women work. The music is well received but when his report on allowing the foundryworkers time off to listen to writers, actors and poets is read by the crass managing director, Mr. Crumhorn, Bruce is fired on the spot. Undaunted, Bruce, Benjamin and fifteen members of the arts world are smuggled into the factory and, along with Heavy, begin teaching the foundryworkers the elements and meaning of theatre, music and poetry. At a de-briefing after this first experiment it is deemed a total failure by all except Heavy who urges continuance and patience with what has been started. Bruce runs out of money and needs a job so he buys a taxi and pumps beer in a local pub. By now he is friendly with Sally, and one night, while driving her to rehearsal, they make a detour to track Skunk around Soho. He makes a subterranean disappearance into a strip joint. Bruce and Sally follow but only find Monique of the Louvre doing her erotic show. Bruce, as expected, registers his disgust but follows Monique to the dressing area and there finds Skunk who turns out to be the proprietor of the establishment. Bruce unbends a little and ends up taking Monique, real name Penelope Scragg, back to her seedy flat. As when he first found Heavy reading poetry in the foundry, he is surprised again when Monique plays him her favorite piece of music, Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. Bruce begins to see Penelope with different eyes and he and Heavy take her to a concert at the Royal Festival Hall. She learns of the Renaissance Group’s activities and is highly amused until Bruce wants her to join the group. He wants her and Skunk to soften the degrading aspects of the strip joint by requiring its customers to enter an adjoining room after the performance and receive “spiritual” renewal in the guise of poetry, music and art. Penelope laughs her head off but Skunk smells money in it and gives it a try. Love blooms between Sally and Benjamin, and they decide to get married. Bruce’s relationship with Penelope deepens, and all is going well with the artistic education of
Nineteenth-century Paris is often celebrated as the capital of modernity. However, this story is about cultural producers who were among the first to popularize and profit from that idea. Graphic Culture investigates the graphic artists and publishers who positioned themselves as connoisseurs of Parisian modernity in order to market new print publications that would amplify their cultural authority while distributing their impressions to a broad public. Jillian Lerner's exploration of print culture illuminates the changing conditions of vision and social history in July Monarchy Paris. Analyzing a variety of caricatures, fashion plates, celebrity portraits, city guides, and advertising posters from the 1830s and 1840s, she shows how quotidian print imagery began to transform the material and symbolic dimensions of metropolitan life. The author's interdisciplinary approach situates the careers and visual strategies of illustrators such as Paul Gavarni and Achille Devéria in a broader context of urban entertainments and social practices; it brings to light a rich terrain of artistic collaboration and commercial experimentation that linked the worlds of art, literature, fashion, publicity, and the theatre. A timely historical meditation on the emergence of a commercial visual culture that prefigured our own, Graphic Culture traces the promotional power of artistic celebrities and the crucial perceptual and social transformations generated by new media.
Focusing on the art of Henri Fantin-Latour (1836-1904) and his colleagues Gustave Courbet, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Frédéric Bazille, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Fellow Men argues for the importance of the group as a defining subject of nineteenth-century French painting. Through close readings of some of the most ambitious paintings of the realist and impressionist generation, Bridget Alsdorf offers new insights into how French painters understood the shifting boundaries of their social world, and reveals the fragile masculine bonds that made up the avant-garde. A dedicated realist who veered between extremes of sociability and hermetic isolation, Fantin-Latour painted group dynamics over the course of two decades, from 1864 to 1885. This was a period of dramatic change in French history and art--events like the Paris Commune and the rise and fall of impressionism raised serious doubts about the power of collectivism in art and life. Fantin-Latour's monumental group portraits, and related works by his friends and colleagues from the 1850s through the 1880s, represent varied visions of collective identity and test the limits of association as both a social and an artistic pursuit. By examining the bonds and frictions that animated their social circles, Fantin-Latour and his cohorts developed a new pictorial language for the modern group: one of fragmentation, exclusion, and willful withdrawal into interior space that nonetheless presented individuality as radically relational.
When the revolutionary technology of photography erupted in American culture in 1839, it swiftly became, in the day's parlance, a "mania." This richly illustrated book positions vernacular photography at the center of the study of nineteenth-century American religious life. As an empirical tool, photography captured many of the signal scenes of American life, from the gold rush to the bloody battlefields of the Civil War. But photographs did not simply display neutral records of people, places, and things; rather, commonplace photographs became inscribed with spiritual meaning, disclosing, not merely signifying, a power that lay beyond. Rachel McBride Lindsey demonstrates that what people beheld when they looked at a photograph had as much to do with what lay outside the frame--theological expectations, for example--as with what the camera had recorded. Whether studio portraits tucked into Bibles, postmortem portraits with locks of hair attached, "spirit" photography, stereographs of the Holy Land, or magic lanterns used in biblical instruction, photographs were curated, beheld, displayed, and valued as physical artifacts that functioned both as relics and as icons of religious practice. Lindsey's interpretation of "vernacular" as an analytic introduces a way to consider anew the cultural, social, and material reach of religion. A multimedia collaboration with MAVCOR—Center for the Study of Material & Visual Cultures of Religion—at Yale University.
