In-Situ Methods for Study of Fuel Thermal Stability
In-Situ Methods for Study of Fuel Thermal Stability

Author: Michael Serlo

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13:

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The objective of this work was to develop a methodology for in-situ optical measurements of peroxide decomposition products from aviation fuels and demonstrate how this information could be related to fuel stability. Three fiber optic probes (2 Mid-IR, 1 Near-IR) were designed and constructed, and used to monitor the changes in composition of two fuels (Shell Jet A #2827 and Sun Jet A-1 #2747) after thermal stressing. Both mid-IR probes were found to be very sensitive to changes in fuel composition. The large gap (1 mm) IR cell was used to make in-situ IR transmission measurements for peroxide decomposition products, including carbonyls (free and acid form), alcohols, and CO2 (two forms). These measurements were consistent with the generally accepted free radical mechanism of fuel degradation, including the inverse relationship between oxidative and thermal stability. The data from the small gap (0.1 mm) IR cell were found to be consistent with changes in deposit formation tendencies with temperature for similar fuels reported in the literature. In an option task, an FT-Raman probe was evaluated and found to be much less sensitive than the Mid-IR probes. This disadvantage may be remedied by the use of a surface enhanced probe. The potential applications include an instrument for development and evaluation of thermally stable fuels or supercritical fuels, improved global models of fuel degradation mechanisms, and on-board monitors of fuel thermal stability.

Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells
Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Author: Surbhi Sharma

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2019-06-04

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 311064732X

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Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) membranes. The author highlights requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of PEMFC and its interactions with other components. It is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes. Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest fi ller materials like graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides and membrane concepts unfolding in the field of PEMFC. This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon. Provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes. Reviews recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes. Surbhi Sharma, MSc, PhD Working on graphene oxide and fuel cells since 2007, she has published about 50 research articles/book chapters and holds a patent. She has also been awarded various research grants.