Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems
Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

Author: Jun-ichiro Ishibashi

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-01-10

Total Pages: 651

ISBN-13: 4431548653

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book is the comprehensive volume of the TAIGA (“a great river ” in Japanese) project. Supported by the Japanese government, the project examined the hypothesis that the subseafloor fluid advection system (subseafloor TAIGA) can be categorized into four types, TAIGAs of sulfur, hydrogen, carbon (methane), and iron, according to the most dominant reducing substance, and the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria/archaea that are inextricably associated with respective types of TAIGAs which are strongly affected by their geological background such as surrounding host rocks and tectonic settings. Sub-seafloor ecosystems are sustained by hydrothermal circulation or TAIGA that carry chemical energy to the chemosynthetic microbes living in an extreme environment. The results of the project have been summarized comprehensively in 50 chapters, and this book provides an overall introduction and relevant topics on the mid-ocean ridge system of the Indian Ocean and on the arc-backarc systems of the Southern Mariana Trough and Okinawa Trough.

Chemical Sensors in Oceanography
Chemical Sensors in Oceanography

Author: Mark S Varney

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2000-08-08

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9789056992552

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Oceanographic chemical sensing is a new and expanding field which has seen rapid recent development, and the increasing demand to make these types of measurements will ensure continuing technological advances. Chemical Sensors in Oceanography details the state-of-the-art of oceanographic chemical sensor research. It identifies the novel areas where chemical sensors are being used and developed, and indicates their usefulness to marine science. Leading researchers in the field introduce some of the most important techniques under development today, including their detecting principles, the monitored parameters, their theory, technology, and application to the marine environment. Chemical Sensors in Oceanography then goes on to consider the nature of future sensor development. This book will be an invaluable reference source for oceanographers, marine scientists and analytical chemists, particularly those involved in the development of chemical sensors. It is also recommended as a supplementary text for students studying chemical sensors.

Where Three Oceans Meet
Where Three Oceans Meet

Author: Sara L. Bennett

Publisher:

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 674

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The Agulhas Retroflection south of Africa lies at the junction of the S. Indian, S. Atlantic, and Circumpolar Oceans. A March 1985 survey, including hydrographic stations, subsurface current path survey, and contemporaneous sea surface temperature (SST) satellite infrared image, plus historical data, are used to characterize the region. In 1985, Agulhas transport was 56 to 95 Sv (1 million m/s; relative to 2400 dbar), up to 1.5 times the interior transport from linear theory and observed winds. Return Current transport was 54 and 65 Sv. The current retroflected in two branches. The surface warm core retroflected upstream of the second branch, while an SST front, and the subsurface current path survey, followed it. A cold ring, with 64 Sv transport but no SST anomaly, and a ware recirculation lay between the branches. Curvature vorticity at anticyclonic turns in the path exceeded the gradient wind maximum, so other dynamics must locally contribute. Salt, oxygen, and potential vorticity fronts on isopycnals in the current's upper approx. 300 m are observed, as are deep western boundary filaments of Red Sea Water and N. Atlantic Deep Water influences. The current meets baroclinic barotropic instability necessary conditions. Thermocline water (>8C) transport into the S. Atlantic is 2.8 to 9.6 Sv, less than the or = 10 Sv Atlantic export of deep water. Keywords: Agulhas currents, Oceanographic data; Optical data; Air water interactions; Western boundary current; Oceanographic fronts; Salinity; Ocean currents; Indian Ocean; South Atlantic Ocean. Theses. (edc).

CTD Observations Off Northern California During the Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment, SMILE, May 1989
CTD Observations Off Northern California During the Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment, SMILE, May 1989

Author: Richard Limeburner

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 648

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

CTD observations were made off the northern California coast during R/V Wecoma cruise W8905 May 5-14, 1989 as part of the Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment (SMILE). The surveys consisted of two sampling plans - a large-scale grid of four cross-shelf transects extending to both sides of Point Arena and Point Reyes, and a small-scale grid of six cross-shelf transects located near the central SMILE mooring site. All of the cross-shelf transects extended beyond the shelf break and the maximum sampling depth at each station was near-bottom or 1500 m. The average along-shelf separation between cross-shelf transects was about 15 km for the small-scale surveys and 50 km for the large-scale grid. The primary objectives of the hydrographic measurement program were to observe and characterize the temperature, salinity, density, and light transmission fields and their temporal and spatial variability in the surface boundary layer along the continental shelf and slope near the SMILE moored array, and to acquire estimates of the cross- and along-shelf scales over which the mixed-layer depth varies. This report presents a summary in graphic and tabular form of the hydrographic observations made during cruise W8905 on the R/V Wecoma.

Investigating Seafloors and Oceans
Investigating Seafloors and Oceans

Author: Antony Joseph

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2016-12-08

Total Pages: 614

ISBN-13: 0128093633

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Investigating Seafloors and Oceans: From Mud Volcanoes to Giant Squid offers a bottom-to-top tour of the world's oceans, exposing the secrets hidden therein from a variety of scientific perspectives. Opening with a discussion of the earth's formation, hot spots, ridges, plate tectonics, submarine trenches, and cold seeps, the text goes on to address such topics as the role of oceans in the origin of life, tidal bore, thermal effects, ecosystem services, marine creatures, and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical resources. This unique reference provides insight into a wide array of questions that researchers continue to ask about the vast study of oceans and the seafloor. It is a one-of-a-kind examination of oceans that offers important perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and academics in all marine-related fields. - Includes chapters addressing various scientific disciplines, offering the opportunity for readers to gain insights on diverse topics in the study of oceans - Provides scientific discussion on thermo-tolerant microbial life in sub-seafloor hot sediments and vent fields, as well as the origin of life debates and the puzzles revolving around how life originated - Includes detailed information on the origin of dreaded episodes, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, internal waves and tidal bores - Contains information on the contribution of the oceans in terms of providing useful nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products