Improvement of Phase-locked Loops by the Introduction of Nonlinearities
Improvement of Phase-locked Loops by the Introduction of Nonlinearities

Author: Benjamin J. Leon

Publisher:

Published: 1968

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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Reported herein is a technique which improves the large signal performance of phase-locked loops. The method consists of replacing the linear loop filter with a nonlinear filter. The technique allows the phase-locked loop system designer considerably more design freedom with respect to phase error linearity, lock range, lock rate range and synchronization time. This is particularly evident for higher order systems. The nonlinear operators used in constructing the nonlinear loop filter are specified in detail for first and second order phase-locked loops. Typical design criteria are used in specifying the operators; however, the extension to any other design criterion is obvious. The methods apply equally well to higher order phase-locked loops once a specific set of design criteria are established. Unlike other techniques used to improve large signal performance of phase-locked loops, the technique discussed is extremely simple to implement. In addition, the technique applies to all types of phase-locked loops independent of the type of phase comparator. Theoretical results and conclusions for first and second order systems are verified by experimental systems constructed on an analog computer. Certain results, which are difficult to determine using analog methods, were obtained with the aid of a digital computer. The experimental data were found to agree very well with those predicted theoretically. (Author).

Phase-Locked Loops
Phase-Locked Loops

Author: John L. Stensby

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1997-06-19

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 9780849394713

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Applications of phase-locked loops play an increasingly important role in modern electronic systems, and the last 25 years have seen new developments in the underlying theories as well. Phase-Locked Loops presents the latest information on the basic theory and applications of PLLs. Organized in a logical format, it first introduces the subject in a qualitative manner and discusses key applications. Next, it develops basic models for components of a PLL, and these are used to develop a basic PLL model. The text then discusses both linear and nonlinear methods that are used to analyze the basic PLL model. This book includes extensive coverage of the nonlinear behavior of phase-locked loops, an important area of this field and one where exciting new research is being performed. No other book available covers this critical area in such careful detail. Improvements brought about by the advent of the personal computer, especially in the use of numerical results, are integrated into the text. This book also focuses on PLL component technologies used in system implementation.

Theory of the Non-linear Analog Phase Locked Loop
Theory of the Non-linear Analog Phase Locked Loop

Author: Nikolaos I. Margaris

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-05-18

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 9783540213390

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This book develops for the first time a complete and connected nonlinear theory for the analog Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) which clarifies the obscure points of its complex non-linear behaviour. The book suggests new non-linear models for the PLL components and applies the averaging method to analyse PLL. The book presents the physical interpretation of the PLL operation, locates the difficulties presented by its operation and suggests solutions to overcome these problems. Finally it provides closed form expressions for all the important measures of the PLL and proposes new design criteria.

Phase-Locked Loops
Phase-Locked Loops

Author: Woogeun Rhee

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2023-12-19

Total Pages: 389

ISBN-13: 1119909066

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Phase-Locked Loops Discover the essential materials for phase-locked loop circuit design, from fundamentals to practical design aspects A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a type of circuit with a range of important applications in telecommunications and computing. It generates an output signal with a controlled relationship to an input signal, such as an oscillator which matches the phases of input and output signals. This is a critical function in coherent communication systems, with the result that the theory and design of these circuits are essential to electronic communications of all kinds. Phase-Locked Loops: System Perspectives and Circuit Design Aspects provides a concise, accessible introduction to PLL design. It introduces readers to the role of PLLs in modern communication systems, the fundamental techniques of phase-lock circuitry, and the possible applications of PLLs in a wide variety of electronic communications contexts. The first book of its kind to incorporate modern architectures and to balance theoretical fundamentals with detailed design insights, this promises to be a must-own text for students and industry professionals. The book also features: Coverage of PLL basics with insightful analysis and examples tailored for circuit designers Applications of PLLs for both wireless and wireline systems Practical circuit design aspects for modern frequency generation, frequency modulation, and clock recovery systems Phase-Locked Loops is essential for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in integrated circuit design, as well researchers and engineers in electrical and computing subjects.

Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications
Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications

Author: Donald R. Stephens

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-05-08

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 0306473143

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Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications: Digitial, Analog and Optical Implementations, Second Edition presents a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops from analog implementations to digital and optical designs. The text establishes a thorough foundation of continuous-time analysis techniques and maintains a consistent notation as discrete-time and non-uniform sampling are presented. New to this edition is a complete treatment of charge pumps and the complementary sequential phase detector. Another important change is the increased use of MATLAB®, implemented to provide more familiar graphics and reader-derived phase-locked loop simulation. Frequency synthesizers and digital divider analysis/techniques have been added to this second edition. Perhaps most distinctive is the chapter on optical phase-locked loops that begins with sections discussing components such as lasers and photodetectors and finishing with homodyne and heterodyne loops. Starting with a historical overview, presenting analog, digital, and optical PLLs, discussing phase noise analysis, and including circuits/algorithms for data synchronization, this volume contains new techniques being used in this field. Highlights of the Second Edition: Development of phase-locked loops from analog to digital and optical, with consistent notation throughout; Expanded coverage of the loop filters used to design second and third order PLLs; Design examples on delay-locked loops used to synchronize circuits on CPUs and ASICS; New material on digital dividers that dominate a frequency synthesizer's noise floor. Techniques to analytically estimate the phase noise of a divider; Presentation of optical phase-locked loops with primers on the optical components and fundamentals of optical mixing; Section on automatic frequency control to provide frequency-locking of the lasers instead of phase-locking; Presentation of charge pumps, counters, and delay-locked loops. The Second Edition includes the essential topics needed by wireless, optics, and the traditional phase-locked loop specialists to design circuits and software algorithms. All of the material has been updated throughout the book.

Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications
Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications

Author: Donald R. Stephens

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 1461557178

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This book is intended for the graduate or advanced undergraduate engineer. The primary motivation for writing the text was to present a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops with a consistent notation. As such, it can serve as a textbook in formal classroom instruction, or as a self-study guide for the practicing engineer. A former colleague, Kevin Kreitzer, had suggested that I write a text, with an emphasis on digital phase-locked loops. As modem designers, we were continually receiving requests from other engineers asking for a definitive reference on digital phase-locked loops. There are several good papers in the literature, but there was not a good textbook for either classroom or self-paced study. From my own experience in designing low phase noise synthesizers, I also knew that third-order analog loop design was omitted from most texts. With those requirements, the material in the text seemed to flow naturally. Chapter 1 is the early history of phase-locked loops. I believe that historical knowledge can provide insight to the development and progress of a field, and phase-locked loops are no exception. As discussed in Chapter 1, consumer electronics (color television) prompted a rapid growth in phase-locked loop theory and applications, much like the wireless communications growth today. xiv Preface Although all-analog phase-locked loops are becoming rare, the continuous time nature of analog loops allows a good introduction to phase-locked loop theory.