Estimating VAT Pass Through

Estimating VAT Pass Through

Author: Ms.Dora Benedek

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2015-09-30

Total Pages: 41

ISBN-13: 1513586351

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This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.


Monopsony in Motion

Monopsony in Motion

Author: Alan Manning

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2013-12-03

Total Pages: 414

ISBN-13: 1400850673

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What happens if an employer cuts wages by one cent? Much of labor economics is built on the assumption that all the workers will quit immediately. Here, Alan Manning mounts a systematic challenge to the standard model of perfect competition. Monopsony in Motion stands apart by analyzing labor markets from the real-world perspective that employers have significant market (or monopsony) power over their workers. Arguing that this power derives from frictions in the labor market that make it time-consuming and costly for workers to change jobs, Manning re-examines much of labor economics based on this alternative and equally plausible assumption. The book addresses the theoretical implications of monopsony and presents a wealth of empirical evidence. Our understanding of the distribution of wages, unemployment, and human capital can all be improved by recognizing that employers have some monopsony power over their workers. Also considered are policy issues including the minimum wage, equal pay legislation, and caps on working hours. In a monopsonistic labor market, concludes Manning, the "free" market can no longer be sustained as an ideal and labor economists need to be more open-minded in their evaluation of labor market policies. Monopsony in Motion will represent for some a new fundamental text in the advanced study of labor economics, and for others, an invaluable alternative perspective that henceforth must be taken into account in any serious consideration of the subject.


Imperfect Competition and International Trade

Imperfect Competition and International Trade

Author: Gene M. Grossman

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 414

ISBN-13: 9780262570930

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This book collects 19 of the most influential articles on trade with imperfect competition, providing ready access to current research by top-level economists.


Imperfect competition in international trade

Imperfect competition in international trade

Author: Winston Chang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1995-09-30

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 9780792395461

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Imperfect Competition in International Trade provides a theoretical analysis of international trade and industrial policy by developing and using new models of trade with imperfect competition. Modeling of imperfect competition within international trade has been difficult until recent breakthroughs in this area, which have provided a more realistic view of the world economy. This book builds on these advances provided by such tools as game theory and the theory of monopolistic competition.


Imperfect Competition, Differential Information, and Microfoundations of Macroeconomics

Imperfect Competition, Differential Information, and Microfoundations of Macroeconomics

Author: Kiyohiko G. Nishimura

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 9780198290391

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This volume links a microeconomic model of imperfectly informed firms and unions in monopolistic competition to a general theory of wage- and price-setting in a macroeconomic model. The analysis is based on a profit maximization and rational behaviour and is thus in line with the newly emerged New Keynesian approach in its emphasis on the microeconomic foundation of macroeconomics. The volume goes on to explain three stylized facts in macroeconomics: nominal rigidity, real rigidity, and cost-oriented prices, presented in a coherent New Keynesian framework. The analysis also provides new insight into the role of competition in an economy with imperfectly and differentially informed firms. It shows that increased competition may increase nominal as well as real price rigidity and increased volatility of investment.


Surfing Economics

Surfing Economics

Author: Huw David Dixon

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2017-03-14

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1137041420

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Surfing Economics is a collection of essays by one of Europe's leading young economists. These essays are written to bring to life in a non-technical manner some of the fundamental ideas and concepts in contemporary economics, including new Keynesian economics, the natural rate, bounded rationality, social learning and the meaning of economics. Whilst primarily written for the undergraduate student, these essays will entertain and enlighten economists of all ages. Above all, the essays convey the enthusiasm and excitement of Huw Dixon for economics along with his valuable insights into the subject. Just the thing to brighten up your reading lists.


The Gains from Trade and the Gains from Aid

The Gains from Trade and the Gains from Aid

Author: Murray C. Kemp

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2002-09-11

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 1134792026

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This book focuses on the normative side of trade theory and is divided into five parts: * trade under perfect competition; * restricted trade under perfect competition; * trade under imperfect competition and other distortions; * Compensation: lumpsum, non-lumpsum or neither? * International trade


The Monopolistic Competition Revolution in Retrospect

The Monopolistic Competition Revolution in Retrospect

Author: Steven Brakman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2011-07-21

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781107402430

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Avinash Dixit and Joseph Stiglitz revolutionized the modelling of imperfectly competitive markets and launched "the second monopolistic competition revolution". Experts in the areas of macroeconomics, international trade theory, economic geography, and international growth theory examine the success of the second revolution in this collection of papers. They reveal what appears to be "missing" and look forward to the next step in the modelling of imperfectly competitive markets. The text includes a comprehensive survey of the two monopolistic competition revolutions, and previously unpublished working papers by Dixit and Stiglitz that led to their famous 1977 paper.