This book is the first comprehensive treatment of hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials, mainly of steels. The subject is increasingly important with regard to recent requirements for hydrogen energy equipment. Recent progress in revealing the nature of hydrogen embrittlement is remarkable, and this book provides students and researchers engaging in hydrogen problems with a comprehensive view of hydrogen embrittlement covering basic behaviors of hydrogen in materials and their various manifestations in degradation of mechanical properties. Previous studies are critically reviewed and recent advances including new ideas on the mechanism of embrittlement are presented. Emphases are put on experimental facts, but their meanings rather than phenomenological appearance are given particular attention. Experiments are noted on adopted conditions since the operating mechanism of hydrogen might differ by materials and environments. For theories, assumptions and premises employed are noted so as to examine their versatility. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, brief descriptions of fundamental ideas are presented when necessary.
The book presents a collection of chapters on the current problems associated with hydrogen damage. It discusses the effect of hydrogen on material properties and its interaction with the material microstructure, physical features of hydrogen transport in metals and alloys, as well as applicable methods of measuring concentration of hydrogen in solid media.
Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.Volume 1 is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of the hydrogen embrittlement problem in specific technologies including petrochemical refining, automotive hydrogen tanks, nuclear waste disposal and power systems, and H2 storage and distribution facilities. Part two then examines modern methods of characterization and analysis of hydrogen damage and part three focuses on the hydrogen degradation of various alloy classesWith its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 1 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure Reviews how hydrogen embrittlement affects particular sectors such as the petrochemicals, automotive and nuclear industries Discusses how hydrogen embrittlement can be characterised and its effects on particular alloy classes
Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies. Volume 2 is divided into three parts, part one looks at the mechanisms of hydrogen interactions with metals including chapters on the adsorption and trap-sensitive diffusion of hydrogen and its impact on deformation and fracture processes. Part two investigates modern methods of modelling hydrogen damage so as to predict material-cracking properties. The book ends with suggested future directions in science and engineering to manage the hydrogen embrittlement of high-performance metals in energy systems. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 2 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure Chapters review mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement including absorption, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in metals Analyses ways of modelling hydrogen-induced damage and assessing service life
Hydrogen evolution and permeation are encountered during electroplating, corrosion, and cathodic protection. Hydrogen accumulates in areas of high stress and may reach a critical concentration, potentially causing fractures and catastrophic damage. Hydrogen Embrittlement Theory and Prevention of Hydrogen Damage in Metals and Alloys explores the theory of hydrogen permeation in metals and alloys, hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, and passivity materials selection as well as electrochemical and non-electrochemical methods for prevention of hydrogen-induced damage. Our goal is to help the next generation of engineers and scientists (i) understand the theory of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking as wells as hydrogen damage prevention strategies, (ii) design models for developing hydrogen damage-resistant alloys, and (iii) prevent damage of different industrial components due to the presence and localization of hydrogen in metals. To accomplish these objectives, the book offers case studies of hydrogen permeation, hydrogen embrittlement, mechanical properties of alloys, hydrogen damage control, and solved problems (with solutions) for the topics covered in the book. The book is self-containing and targets also senior graduate university corrosion engineering courses. The senior undergraduate students have the necessary mathematical exposure and ability to follow the subject. The book is useful for undergraduate corrosion courses taught in chemical, electrochemical, mechanical engineering, chemistry, metallurgy, and material science and will serve as references for individual study. Provides a comprehensive explanation on hydrogen permeation, hydrogen embrittlement, and hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking, creating difficulties in development of efficient strategies to preventing different types of hydrogen damage in metals and alloys Prepares the next generation of materials scientists, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers to advance the hydrogen damage prevention strategies to a higher level and to develop advanced alloys resistant to hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-induced damage Discusses hydrogen-induced damage and hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms and the electrochemical and non-electrochemical prevention strategies as well as design of alloys resistive to hydrogen adsorption and embrittlement Includes solved case studies, corrosion analysis, and solved problems designed to help the reader to understand the fundamental principles from thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics the chapters in the book are updated with data published in papers and reviews in the last 20 years, including the latest research and results
This book is the second edition of the one originally published in 2016, as the first comprehensive treatment on the fundamentals of hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials, mainly steel. The book provides students and researchers engaging in hydrogen problems with a unified view of the subject. Establishing reliable principles for materials design against hydrogen embrittlement and assessing their performance are recent urgent industrial needs in developing high-strength steel for hydrogen energy equipment and weight-reducing vehicles. The interdisciplinary nature of the subject, covering metal physics, materials science, and mechanics of fracture, has disturbed a profound understanding of the problem. In this book, previous studies are critically reviewed, and supplemental descriptions of fundamental ideas are presented when necessary. Emphasis is placed on experimental facts, with particular attention to their implication rather than phenomenological appearance. The adopted experimental conditions are also noted since the operating mechanism of hydrogen might differ by material and environment. For theories, employed assumptions and premises are noted to examine their versatility. Progress in the past decade in experimental and theoretical tools is remarkable and has nearly unveiled characteristic features of hydrogen embrittlement. Proposed models have almost covered feasible aspects of the function of hydrogen. This second edition has enriched the contents with recent crucial findings. Chapters on the manifestation of embrittlement in the deterioration of mechanical properties and microscopic features are reorganized, and the description is revised for the convenience of readers’ systematic understanding. A new chapter is created for delayed fracture in atmospheric environments as a conclusive subject of critical ideas presented in this book.
