How requirements development could support design of effective and resource-efficient offerings

How requirements development could support design of effective and resource-efficient offerings

Author: Sara Nilsson

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2017-11-15

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 9176854329

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What a company offers its customers has to fulfil several different needs, desires, constraints, which can originate from multiple different sources that affect the offering throughout its life cycle. All these criteria have to come together and be translated into statements that can support the designer’s understanding of the offering’s purpose. This translation is done through a requirements development process to provide a controlled process to define statements that describe what the offering is supposed to fulfil. This research provides insights on key challenges and success factors in requirements development to support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings. Namely, it identifies crucial sources and aspects to be considered, and a requirements development process demonstrating how to overcome identified challenges. By getting the requirements right from the beginning, sub-optimisation and unnecessary time and risks can be avoided. The consideration of accurate sources and aspects is considered to be one of the most important factors for the successful design of offerings. It is also in the earliest phases of design, that is to say requirements development, where one has the greatest possibility to affect the environmental impact of the offering. What is missing, however, is sufficient and appropriate support in industry on how to do so. The gap between the three areas of effectiveness and resource efficiency, design of integrated offerings, and requirements development has been investigated. Results are based on findings in the literature and in industry, identified primarily by qualitative studies. In the research, 15 different companies have been included through a number of interviews and discussions. Key sources and aspects to consider in the requirements development process are identified along with challenges, and success factors that can be utilised to overcome the identified challenges. This research’s final results include an adapted requirements development process that considers the earlier-mentioned sources and aspect, challenges, and success factors. Such a requirements development process should support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings.


Support for the conceptual design stage of effective and resource-efficient offerings

Support for the conceptual design stage of effective and resource-efficient offerings

Author: Sergio Brambila

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2020-10-20

Total Pages: 57

ISBN-13: 9179297773

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Human activities in the form of production and consumption have increased to an all-time high. In many cases, this increase has resulted in environmental problems such as waste and pollution that, in turn, affect our health and way of living. Societies have proposed different measures to address such environmental problems. These range from different waste treatment technologies to alternative business models, policy measures, and lifecycle thinking in the design of products, to mention but a few. In this research, the focus is on supporting early design activities of what is often called the conceptual design stage with the objective to provide effective and resource-efficient offerings. The early design activities considered here are planning, analysis, and evaluation. Design researchers have largely supported these three activities with a variety of methods and tools. However, previous research has shown that design support coming from academia has had a low uptake in industry. In this regard, the aim of this research is to propose not only useful but also usable support for design practitioners during the conceptual design stage. This research is carried out in the manufacturing sector in Sweden, where selected companies expressed an interest in collaborating with academia to address more thoroughly effective and resource-efficient offerings. To better match company needs and research from academia, this research took a pragmatic and cross-disciplinary approach. This research approach, along with literature reviews, semi-structured interviews, workshops, and questionnaires, shows different ways in which support can be made more useful and usable. The main gap addressed here is that the knowledge and the related skills of the user of the support have not been sufficiently explored. The results include requirements of the user of the support, proposed methods and tools derived from the requirements identified, and, most importantly, the knowledge and skills needed by the user of the support. The main message of this research is that support could be expanded from methods and tools to include knowledge and skills needed by design practitioners, the users of support. The flow of support from academia to industry could also be reinforced in a two-way flow through a pragmatic and cross-disciplinary approach to first and foremost address design practitioners’ needs. Mänskliga aktiviteter i form av produktion och konsumtion har aldrig varit högre. Denna ökning över tid har i många fall lett till miljöproblem som avfall och föroreningar, vilka i sin tur påverkar vår hälsa och levnadssätt. För att möta dessa miljöproblem har olika åtgärder föreslagits, som tekniker för avfallshantering, alternativa affärsmodeller, policy och livscykeldesign, för att nämna några. Fokus i forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling är på tidiga designaktiviteter, vilka ofta kallas det konceptuella designstadiet och som syftar till att ta fram resurseffektiva erbjudanden. Detta steg behandlas här genom att närmare undersöka designaktiviteterna planering, analys och utvärdering. Designforskare har till stor del stöttat dessa tre aktiviteter med en mängd olika metoder och verktyg. Emellertid visar tidigare forskning att designstöd från akademin har ett lågt upptag i industrin. Syftet med denna forskning är därför att föreslå ett användbart stöd som också är användarvänlig för utövare under det konceptuella designstadiet. För att uppnå detta genomförs forskningen inom tillverkningssektorn i Sverige där deltagande företag uttryckt ett intresse av att samarbeta med akademin avseende resurseffektiva erbjudanden. För att bättre matcha företagens behov med forskning från akademin antas en pragmatisk och tvärvetenskaplig strategi. Denna strategi, tillsammans med litteraturöversikter, semistrukturerade intervjuer, workshops och enkäter visar hur stödet i det konceptuella designstadiet kan bli mer användbart och användarvänlig. Den huvudsakliga forskningsluckan som tas upp här är att kunskap och relaterade färdigheter hos användaren av stödet inte har undersökts tillräckligt. Resultatet ger en beskrivning av kraven på de stöd som användaren behöver, föreslag på metoder och verktyg som baseras på de identifierade kraven och, viktigast av allt, den kunskap och de färdigheter som användaren av stödet behöver ha. Huvudbudskapet är att stöd kan utvidgas från att omfatta metoder och verktyg till att även inkludera behovet av kunskap och färdigheter hos designutövare, det vill säga användarna av supporten. Stödet från den akademiska världen till industrin kan också förstärkas genom att bli ett tvåvägsflöde som med en pragmatisk och tvärvetenskaplig strategi först och främst adresserar användarens behov.


Inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development at manufacturing companies

Inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development at manufacturing companies

Author: Fredrik Paulson

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2018-12-19

Total Pages: 142

ISBN-13: 9176851524

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Due to current consumption and production patterns of products, pressure on already constrained natural resources, an increasing global population, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reduced access to clean water globally, studying manufacturing companies’ inclusion of sustainability aspects in their product development becomes important. The aim of this thesis is to expand current knowledge on the inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development at manufacturing companies. More specifically, the expansion of current knowledge covers how manufacturing companies include sustainability aspects in product development, the challenges manufacturing companies may face when including sustainability aspects in product development, and the reasons for these challenges. To fulfil this aim, a literature study and a multiple case study were conducted at two international, listed, manufacturing companies in Sweden. Empirical data was collected using semi-structured interviews with two employees at each company and by analyzing the companies’ latest sustainability report. Empirical results include two context-dependent descriptions of how manufacturing companies include sustainability aspects in product development, 21 challenges the companies face, and 14 reasons for those challenges. Conclusions include: (1) the role of conventional methods when including sustainability aspects in product development has been largely ignored in prior research; (2) a company’s product owner influences the inclusion of sustainability aspects in product development, and in product requirements in particular; (3) the following three challenges are proposed incorporated in a comprehensive framework of challenges that has been developed in prior research: Making suppliers fulfil the sustainability requirements that are placed on them. Transforming sustainability aspects, or general goals, into measurable requirements that contribute to reduced environmental impact from products while at the same time contributing to competitive profit.Identifying how to reach economic goals more efficiently with a more sustainable initiative or solution than other initiatives.


Early stages of designing resource-efficient offerings

Early stages of designing resource-efficient offerings

Author: Sergio Brambila-Macias

Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press

Published: 2018-01-17

Total Pages: 55

ISBN-13: 9176853535

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The increasing use of natural resources and the pollution it causes calls for new ways of addressing customer needs. Additionally, a more uncertain and complex world also presents new challenges. In this thesis, these new challenges are tackled through inter and transdisciplinary research, which require more interaction across disciplines to tackle complex phenomena. The manner in which companies address customer needs starts from the designing (a multiplestakeholder perspective) of offerings where companies rely on different types of support (guidelines, standards, methods and tools). In this thesis, these offerings, include products, services, systems, and solutions. This plays an important role in the use of natural resources and its impact on the environment. In this Licentiate, I present results to show initial cues on how to design resource-efficient offerings, and more specifically their analysis and evaluation in the early stages of the design process. This type of offerings is suggested to be crucial for the circular economy, which can be understood as a paradigm shift towards sustainability. In this paradigm shift, designing is carried out by taking into account reuse, remanufacture and recycling of products as strategies by multiple stakeholders and companies. Other strategies include providing services, a function or a solution through dematerialization and transmaterialization. The methods used in this research are narrative and systematic literature reviews, thematic analysis and a case study. The results show a lack of interdisciplinary research in the academic literature in subjects relevant to the design of resource-efficient offerings. The results also show a need to clarify what transdisciplinary research entails. Moreover, current practice shows that support used by companies needs to consider several factors for it to be useful, for example, the vision of the company, participation of potential users of the support and everyday operations, among other characteristics. Finally, more practical support coming from academia is necessary to improve its use in industry.


Human-System Integration in the System Development Process

Human-System Integration in the System Development Process

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-06-15

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 0309134056

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In April 1991 BusinessWeek ran a cover story entitled, "I Can't Work This ?#!!@ Thing," about the difficulties many people have with consumer products, such as cell phones and VCRs. More than 15 years later, the situation is much the same-but at a very different level of scale. The disconnect between people and technology has had society-wide consequences in the large-scale system accidents from major human error, such as those at Three Mile Island and in Chernobyl. To prevent both the individually annoying and nationally significant consequences, human capabilities and needs must be considered early and throughout system design and development. One challenge for such consideration has been providing the background and data needed for the seamless integration of humans into the design process from various perspectives: human factors engineering, manpower, personnel, training, safety and health, and, in the military, habitability and survivability. This collection of development activities has come to be called human-system integration (HSI). Human-System Integration in the System Development Process reviews in detail more than 20 categories of HSI methods to provide invaluable guidance and information for system designers and developers.


Product-Service Integration for Sustainable Solutions

Product-Service Integration for Sustainable Solutions

Author: Horst Meier

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 660

ISBN-13: 3642308201

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“An Industrial Product-Service System is characterized by the integrated and mutually determined planning, development, provision and use of product and service shares including its immanent software components in Business-to-Business applications and represents a knowledge-intensive socio-technical system.” – Meier, Roy, Seliger (2010) Since the first conference in 2009, the CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems has become a well-established international forum for the review and discussion of advances, research results and industrial improvements. Researchers from all over the world have met at previous IPS2 conferences in Cranfield (2009), Linköping (2010), Braunschweig (2011) and Tokyo (2012). In 2013, the 5th CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems is held in Bochum. Important topics of IPS2 research presented at the conference are: planning and development, sustainability, business models, operation, service engineering, knowledge management, ICT, modeling and simulation, marketing and economic aspects as well as the role of the human in IPS2.


Health Informatics - E-Book

Health Informatics - E-Book

Author: Lynda R. Hardy

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2022-12-02

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13: 0323846475

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**American Journal of Nursing (AJN) Book of the Year Awards, 1st Place in Informatics, 2023** **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Informatics** Learn how information technology intersects with today's health care! Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach, 3rd Edition, follows the tradition of expert informatics educators Ramona Nelson and Nancy Staggers with new lead author, Lynda R. Hardy, to prepare you for success in today's technology-filled healthcare practice. Concise coverage includes information systems and applications, such as electronic health records, clinical decision support, telehealth, mHealth, ePatients, and social media tools, as well as system implementation. New to this edition are topics that include analytical approaches to health informatics, increased information on FHIR and SMART on FHIR, and the use of health informatics in pandemics. - Chapters written by experts in the field provide the most current and accurate information on continually evolving subjects like evidence-based practice, EHRs, PHRs, mobile health, disaster recovery, and simulation. - Objectives, key terms, and an abstract at the beginning of each chapter provide an overview of what each chapter will cover. - Case studies and discussion questions at the end of each chapter encourage higher-level thinking that can be applied to real world experiences. - Conclusion and Future Directions discussion at the end of each chapter reinforces topics and expands on how the topic will continue to evolve. - Open-ended discussion questions at the end of each chapter enhance students' understanding of the subject covered. - mHealth chapter discusses all relevant aspects of mobile health, including global growth, new opportunities in underserved areas, governmental regulations on issues such as data leaking and mining, implications of patient-generated data, legal aspects of provider monitoring of patient-generated data, and increased responsibility by patients. - Important content, including FDA- and state-based regulations, project management, big data, and governance models, prepares students for one of nursing's key specialty areas. - UPDATED! Chapters reflect the current and evolving practice of health informatics, using real-life healthcare examples to show how informatics applies to a wide range of topics and issues. - NEW! Strategies to promote healthcare equality by freeing algorithms and decision-making from implicit and explicit bias are integrated where applicable. - NEW! The latest AACN domains are incorporated throughout to support BSN, Master's, and DNP programs. - NEW! Greater emphasis on the digital patient and the partnerships involved, including decision-making.


Operations Management

Operations Management

Author: Dr. G. Suresh

Publisher: Thakur Publication Private Limited

Published: 2022-12-01

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 9354804551

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Discover the comprehensive ‘Operations Management’ e-Book designed specifically for MBA II Sem students at Anna University, Chennai. Published by Thakur Publications, this essential resource offers in-depth insights, practical strategies, and real-world case studies to enhance your understanding of operations management principles. Master the art of optimizing processes, improving productivity, and achieving operational excellence with this must-have e-Book for MBA students. Get your copy today and gain a competitive edge in the world of business.


Business Engineering and Service Design with Applications for Health Care Institutions

Business Engineering and Service Design with Applications for Health Care Institutions

Author: Oscar Barros

Publisher: Business Expert Press

Published: 2013-10-07

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 1606496271

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Business Engineering attempts to provide tools, as other engineering disciplines have, for the design of businesses. This implies that enterprises should be formally designed and that their architectures, including processes, people organization, information systems, IT infrastructure and interactions with customers and suppliers should be considered in a systemic way in such design. This Enterprise Design is not a onetime effort, but, in the dynamic environment we face, organizations have to have the capability to continuously evaluate opportunities to improve their designs. Our approach includes the integrated design of a business, its service configuration (architecture) and capacity planning, the resource management processes and the operating processes. Such an approach is based on general patterns that define service design options and analytical methods that make possible resource optimization to meet demand. This is complemented with technology that allows process execution with BPMN tools and web services over SOA. In summary we integrate the design of a business with analytics and supporting IT tools in giving a sound basis for Business Engineering Our proposal has been extensively tested and improved based on the experience with hundreds of projects in all types of service industries performed at the Master in Business Engineering of the University of Chile. Several of such cases, which have had impressive economics results, are summarized in the text. In particular, we have worked on hospital services, where research and development projects that have been performed in five public hospitals will originate general solutions, summarized in the book, which will eventually be implemented in over a hundred facilities.


The Routledge Companion to Production and Operations Management

The Routledge Companion to Production and Operations Management

Author: Martin K. Starr

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2017-03-27

Total Pages: 712

ISBN-13: 1317419243

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This remarkable volume highlights the importance of Production and Operations Management (POM) as a field of study and research contributing to substantial business and social growth. The editors emphasize how POM works with a range of systems—agriculture, disaster management, e-commerce, healthcare, hospitality, military systems, not-for-profit, retail, sports, sustainability, telecommunications, and transport—and how it contributes to the growth of each. Martin K. Starr and Sushil K. Gupta gather an international team of experts to provide researchers and students with a panoramic vision of the field. Divided into eight parts, the book presents the history of POM, and establishes the foundation upon which POM has been built while also revisiting and revitalizing topics that have long been essential. It examines the significance of processes and projects to the fundamental growth of the POM field. Critical emerging themes and new research are examined with open minds and this is followed by opportunities to interface with other business functions. Finally, the next era is discussed in ways that combine practical skill with philosophy in its analysis of POM, including traditional and nontraditional applications, before concluding with the editors’ thoughts on the future of the discipline. Students of POM will find this a comprehensive, definitive resource on the state of the discipline and its future directions.