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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1832 edition. Excerpt: ...from the central aperture of Laach; Zdly, That, during subsequent convulsions, by which, as I have explained, (page 100, ) the lacustrine and tufaceous strata of Obermennig underwent a remarkable dip of 22 to the north north-east, this ancient rent might have been still further widened; and, 3dly, That even a still later widening of this ancient rent might have been coincident with the ascent of a column of lava. That such a view is not chimerical, will be seen in a future page, where it can be absolutely shown, that, near the close of the volcanic explosions of the basin of Neuwied, the latest convul sion of this district still further affected the presumed fissure of Mennig, even after it had been filled with congealed lava, so as to cause the imbedded volcanic mass to separate into a yawning cross rent. The form, extent, and even direction of the original fissure, owing to the lava which in ascending through it appears to have boiled over its sides, must necessarily be involved in obscurity. Its direction was, I suspect, from north to south, in which case it could scarcely have been much less than two English miles in extent. To the centre of it the present site of the village of Niedermennig may be probably referred. We must, lastly, conceive of this fissure, through which the lava of Mennig from focal depths was doomed to ascend, as having previously contributed to form one of the deepest portions of the basin of Neuwied. At length, however, as the lava in its ascent beneath the waters of the lake was extravasated, it would breadthen itself from the sidesof the fissure in every direction, giving rise to a submerged lava field, which has varied in its width from one to two miles. The depth of the lava, in the site where it may be..
This richly illustrated book presents Germany’s geological evolution in the context of the Earth’s dynamic history. It starts with an introduction to Geology and explains the plate tectonic development, as well as the formation of both ancient and recent mountain belts – namely the Caledonian, Variscan and the modern-day Alps – that formed this part of Europe. A dedicated chapter discusses the origin of earthquakes in Germany, the occurrence of young volcanic rocks and the various episodes of rock deformation and metamorphism at these complex crossroads of plate tectonic history. The book highlights Germany’s diverse geological history, ranging from the origin of the Earth, the formation of deep crystalline rocks, and their overlying sedimentary sequences, to its more recent “ice age” quaternary cover. The last chapter addresses the shaping of the modern landscape. Though the content is also accessible for non-geologists, it is primarily intended for geoscience students and an academic audience.
Volume IV deals with the 'Middle Ages'. It starts with the expansion of Islam and closes with the discovery of the New World. Various events during this period led to a significant expansion in communications: the rapid spread of Islam and of Gengis Khan's Mongol Empire, as well as the Crusades and the development of trans-Saharan and maritime routes around Africa to the Indian Ocean, leading to multiplied exchanges between the peoples and cultures of Africa, Asia and Europe.
