Herschel at the Cape

Herschel at the Cape

Author: David S. Evans

Publisher: University of Texas Press

Published: 2013-12-06

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 0292720548

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Sir John Herschel, one of the founders of Southern Hemisphere astronomy, was a man of extraordinarily wide interests. He made contributions to botany, geology, and ornithology, as well as to astronomy, chemistry, and mathematics. Throughout his scientific career he kept a diary, recording his public and private life. The diaries from 1834 to 1838, years he spent making astronomical observations at the Cape of Good Hope, are reproduced in this book and prove to be much more than an ordinary scientist’s logbook. They present personal and social history, literary commentaries, the results of close observations of nature and numerous scientific experiments, the excitement of travel, political intrigues, gossip, and philosophical reflections—all interpreted through an alert and versatile mind. In the present transcription, the material has been enriched with selected correspondence of Sir John and his wife Lady Herschel (née Margaret Brodie Stewart). Sir John devoted his working time at the Cape primarily to a systematic observation of the southern sky, complementing his earlier “sweeping” of the northern sky at Slough, England. He later became one of the founders of photography, but at the Cape he used a simple optical device, the camera lucida, in the production of numerous landscape drawings. Many of these, along with reproductions of sketches contained in the diaries and botanical drawings made by Sir John and Lady Herschel, are used to illustrate this book. Sir John was also a leading figure in the foundation of the educational system of the Cape and a supporter of exploratory expeditions into the interior. As the son of Sir William Herschel, in his day the most famous British astronomer and the discoverer of the planet Uranus, Sir John was already celebrated when he arrived from England. Every individual of note, resident at the Cape or visiting, went to see him. He was supported in his work by his wife, who ran an enormous establishment and bore a huge family, but who nevertheless found time to travel in the country around the western Cape with him and to assist in his observations. The diaries and letters are supplemented by especially valuable editorial notes that provide much needed and highly interesting information concerning persons and events mentioned and described by Sir John. All the original manuscript material used in this volume is archived at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Sir John’s camera lucida drawings are from the South African Public Library in Cape Town.


The Cambridge Companion to John Herschel

The Cambridge Companion to John Herschel

Author: Stephen Case

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2024-04-30

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1009237705

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The first-ever comprehensive account of John Herschel's life, work and legacy, shedding new light on the history of Victorian science.


John Herschel's Cape Voyage

John Herschel's Cape Voyage

Author: Steven Ruskin

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-09-08

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13: 1351925156

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In 1833 John Herschel sailed from London to Cape Town, southern Africa, to undertake (at his own expense) an astronomical exploration of the southern heavens, as well as a terrestrial exploration of the area around Cape Town. After his return to England in 1838, and as a result of his voyage, he was highly esteemed and became Britain's most recognized man of science. In 1847 his southern hemisphere astronomical observations were published as the Cape Results. The main argument of Ruskin's book is that Herschel's voyage and the publication of the Cape Results, in addition to their contemporary scientific importance, were also significant for nineteenth-century culture and politics. In this book it is demonstrated that the reason for Herschel's widespread cultural renown was the popular notion that his voyage to the Cape was a project aligned with the imperial ambitions of the British government. By leaving England for one of its colonies, and pursuing there a significant scientific project, Herschel was seen in the same light as other British men of science (like James Cook and Richard Lander) who had also undertaken voyages of exploration and discovery at the behest of their nation. It is then demonstrated that the production of the Cape Results, in part because of Herschel's status as Britain's scientific figurehead, was a significant political event. Herschel's decision to journey to the Cape for the purpose of surveying the southern heavens was of great significance to almost all of Britain and much of the continent. It is the purpose of this book to make a case for the scientific, cultural, and political significance of Herschel's Cape voyage and astronomical observations, as a means of demonstrating the relationship of scientific practice to broader aspects of imperial culture and politics in the nineteenth century.


Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters

Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters

Author: Wolfgang Steinicke

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-08-19

Total Pages: 661

ISBN-13: 1139490109

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Providing the first comprehensive historical study of the New General Catalogue, this book is an important resource to all those interested in the history of modern astronomy and visual deep-sky observing. It covers the people, observatories, instruments and methods involved in nineteenth-century visual deep-sky observing, as well as prominent deep-sky objects.


Making Stars Physical

Making Stars Physical

Author: Stephen Case

Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press

Published: 2018-11-03

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 0822986116

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Making Stars Physical offers the first extensive look at the astronomical career of John Herschel, son of William Herschel and one of the leading scientific figures in Britain throughout much of the nineteenth century. Herschel’s astronomical career is usually relegated to a continuation of his father, William’s, sweeps for nebulae. However, as Stephen Case argues, John Herschel was pivotal in establishing the sidereal revolution his father had begun: a shift of attention from the planetary system to the study of nebulous regions in the heavens and speculations on the nature of the Milky Way and the sun’s position within it. Through John Herschel’s astronomical career—in particular his work on constellation reform, double stars, and variable stars—the study of stellar objects became part of mainstream astronomy. He leveraged his mathematical expertise and his position within the scientific community to make sidereal astronomy accessible even to casual observers, allowing amateurs to make useful observations that could contribute to theories on the nature of stars. With this book, Case shows how Herschel’s work made the stars physical and laid the foundations for modern astrophysics.


The Shadow of the Telescope

The Shadow of the Telescope

Author: Gunther Buttman

Publisher: Lutterworth Press

Published: 2022-10-27

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 0718847458

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This first full-length biography of Sir John Herschel tells of a remarkable man who contributed to nearly every branch of astronomy and to half a dozen other sciences as well. The only son of the astronomer Sir William Herschel (founder of stellar astronomy and discoverer of the planet Uranus), he comes vividly to life in descriptions of his personality and his varied achievements. Making admirable use of John Herschel's unpublished correspondence, diaries, and notebooks, the author covers his extensive astronomical observations at Cape Town in South Africa, his pioneering work in photography and in physical optics in Britain, and his unhappy experiences as Master of the Mint - and much more. John Herschel was so attractive and enterprising an individual that his biography will appeal to general readers as well as to professionals - historians of science, astronomers, and scientists in related fields.


The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie

The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie

Author: Joanna Baillie

Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 756

ISBN-13: 9780838638163

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Volume two of The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie features her correspondence with Margaret Holford Hodson, Lady Byron, Mary Montgomery, and Anna Jameson. Other letters reveal her respect and admiration for Sir Walter Scott, as well as her connections to American writers and theologians living in the Boston area in the early-to-mid 1800s. The book includes much of the biographical evidence missing in previous portraits of Joanna Baillie but essential for future critical inquiry.


To the Fairest Cape

To the Fairest Cape

Author: Malcolm Jack

Publisher: Bucknell University Press

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 1684480000

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Crossing the remote, southern tip of Africa has fired the imagination of European travellers from the time Bartholomew Dias opened up the passage to the East by rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. Dutch, British, French, Danes, and Swedes formed an endless stream of seafarers who made the long journey southwards in pursuit of wealth, adventure, science, and missionary, as well as outright national, interest. Beginning by considering the early hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Cape and their culture, Malcolm Jack focuses in his account on the encounter that the European visitors had with the Khoisan peoples, sometimes sympathetic but often exploitative from the time of the Portuguese to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833. This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.