Demonstrating methods for overcoming stability issues in paints, wax dispersions, cosmetics, food products, and other industrial applications, this reference probes theoretical and practical issues surrounding microemulsion science and technology. Featuring the work of 51 international experts and containing almost 1000 instructive tables, equations, and illustrations, this book reviews the performance of, and prospects for, experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), light scattering, small angle neutron scattering, viscosimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to characterize various aspects of the dispersed phase of microemulsions.
Demonstrating methods for overcoming stability issues in paints, wax dispersions, cosmetics, food products, and other industrial applications, this reference probes theoretical and practical issues surrounding microemulsion science and technology. Featuring the work of 51 international experts and containing almost 1000 instructive tables, equations, and illustrations, this book reviews the performance of, and prospects for, experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), light scattering, small angle neutron scattering, viscosimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to characterize various aspects of the dispersed phase of microemulsions.
Surfactants were and still are our inconspicuous companions at macroscopic but more often at microscopic scale. Many technologies are only possible due to surfactant applications, which are of constantly growing scientific and industrial interest for approximately 100 years [1]. Hence, since its definition ‘micro emulsion’ by Schulman [2] optically isotropic surfactant formulations and their variations have become a significant part in today’s society. In nowadays’ most popular sector of nanomaterials surfactants are utilised for productions of such via template strategies [3–10]. Organic synthesis benefits from the immensely huge interfacial area of microemulsions resulting in bigger yields which were not possible before [11–21]. Closely related to organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industries enjoy the benefits of drug delivery via e.g. vesicels which play a major role during drug transport into the blood stream [22–27]. Simpler application of surfactants were reported 1984 where cationic surfactants were utilised as stabiliser for antibiotics [28]. Concerning healthier and conscious nutrition microemulsions are applied for reduction of the caloric value of food [29–39]. Also, to contribute to environmental protection exhaust emissions can be reduced by introducing water and surfactants into fuels [40–42]. Surfactant systems or in most cases microemulsions are very adaptable and can therefore be utilised in their most different states. This chapter gives an insightful introduction into the world of microemulsions.
This book covers the physical properties of nanosized ferroics, also called nanoferroics. Nanoferroics are an important class of ceramic materials that substitute conventional ceramic ferroics in modern electronic devices. They include ferroelectric, ferroelastic, magnetic and multiferroic nanostructured materials. The phase transitions and properties of these nanostructured ferroics are strongly affected by the geometric confinement originating from surfaces and interfaces. As a consequence, these materials exhibit a behavior different from the corresponding bulk crystalline, ceramic and powder ferroics. This monograph offers comprehensive coverage of size- and shape-dependent effects at the nanoscale; the specific properties that these materials have been shown to exhibit; the theoretical approaches that have been successful in describing the size-dependent effects observed experimentally; and the technological aspects of many chemical and physico-chemical nanofabrication methods relevant to making nanoferroic materials and composites. The book will be of interest to an audience of condensed matter physicists, material scientists and engineers, working on ferroic nanostructured materials, their fundamentals, fabrication and device applications.
Demand for better reliability from drug delivery systems has caused designers and researchers to move away from trial-and-error approaches and toward model-based methods of product development. Developing such models requires cross-disciplinary physical, mathematical, and physiological knowledge. Combining these areas under a single cover, Under
"Nanotechnology" is now very well known as one of the most important key technologies in science and industry. In the field of material science and engineering, nanoparticles should be unit materials, as well as atoms and molecules, to build ceramics, devices, catalysts, and machines, and the "nanoparticle technology" is thus attracting. This novel technology includes various methodologies for nanoparticles: preparation, surface-modification via chemical and/or physical treatments, immobilization and arrangement on supports or substrates, to achieve high performance for luminescence properties in light emitting devices, and high efficiency for catalytic and photocatalytic reactions in chemical synthesis, chemical decomposition, and artificial photosynthesis, etc. It should be needless to say that the preparation of nanoparticles, having precisely controlled particle size, size distribution, chemical composition, and surface properties, is essentially important to realize "true nanoparticle technology". This book, written by Dr. Dibyendu Ganguli and Dr. Munia Ganguli, deals with the preparation methodologies for inorganic nanoparticles using macro- and microemulsions as "microreactor". There are several differences between these two emulsions, in addition to water droplet size: thermodynamic stability, and fusion-redispersion dynamics of the droplets. The properties of the nanoparticles prepared in these emulsion systems are seriously influenced and controlled by the selection of dynamic and static conditions.
A range of new and innovative tools used for preformulation and formulation of medicines help optimize pharmaceutical development projects. Such tools also assist with the performance evaluation of the pharmaceutical process, allowing any potential gaps to be identified. These tools can be applied in both basic research and industrial environment. Formulation tools for pharmaceutical development considers these key research and industrial tools.Nine chapters by leading contributors cover: Artificial neural networks technology to model, understand, and optimize drug formulations; ME_expert 2.0: a heuristic decision support system for microemulsions formulation development; Expert system for the development and formulation of push-pull osmotic pump tablets containing poorly water-soluble drugs; SeDeM Diagram: an expert system for preformulation, characterization and optimization of tables obtained by direct compression; New SeDeM-ODT expert system: an expert system for formulation of orodispersible tablets obtained by direct compression; and 3D-cellular automata in computer-aided design of pharmaceutical formulations: mathematical concept and F-CAD software. - Coverage of artificial intelligence tools, new expert systems, understanding of pharmaceutical processes, robust development of medicines, and new ways to develop medicines - Development of drugs and medicines using mathematical tools - Compilation of expert system developed around the world
This book provides a comprehensive overview of oil spill remediation from the perspectives of policy makers, scientists, and engineers, generally focusing on colloid chemistry phenomena and solutions involved in oil spills and their cleanup. • First book to address oil spill remediation from the perspective of physicochemical and colloidal science • Discusses current and emerging detergents used in clean-ups • Includes chapters from leading scientists, researchers, engineers, and policy makers • Presents new insights into the possible impact of oil spills on ecosystems as well as preventive measures
The renewed and increasing interest in lipid self-assembly, phase behaviour and interfacial properties can be related to both a much improved insight in biological systems and the applications of lipids in food and pharmaceutical industry; in the latter, the development of drug delivery systems based on lipids has become in focus. Amphiphilic systems comprise lipids, surfactants as well as different types of polymers, including block and graft copolymers. Research on biological amphiphiles has often been conducted separate from research on synthetic ones. However, in recent years a very fruitful convergence between the two fields has evolved. These new perspectives on fundamental research and applications of lipids are discussed in these proceedings from an international symposium on "Lipid and Polymer Lipid-systems", October 2000 in Chia Laguna in Italy - a joint undertaking of Prof. Maura Monduzzi at Cagliari University, Italy and Camurus Lipid Research Foundation, Lund, Sweden.
A suitable drug delivery system is an essential element in achieving efficient therapeutic responses of drug molecules. With this desirability in mind, the book unites different techniques through which extremely small-sized particles can be utilized as a successful carrier for curing chronic as well as life-threatening diseased conditions. This is a highly informative and prudently organized book, providing scientific insight for readers with an interest in nanotechnology. Beginning with an overview of nanocarriers, the book impetuses on to explore other essential ways through which these carriers can be employed for drug delivery to varieties of administrative routes. This book discusses the functional and significant features of nanotechnology in terms of Lymphatic and other drug targeting deliveries. The book is presenting depth acquaintance for various vesicular and particulate nano-drug delivery carriers, utilized successfully in Pharmaceutical as well as in Cosmeceutical industries along with brief information on their related toxicities. In addition, the work also explores the potential applications of nanocarriers in biotechnology sciences for the prompt and safe delivery of nucleic acid, protein, and peptide-based drugs. An exclusive section in the book illuminates the prominence and competent applicability of nanotechnology in the treatment of oral cancer. The persistence of this book is to provide basic to advanced information for different novel carriers which are under scale-up consideration for the extensive commercialization. The book also includes recent discoveries and the latest patents of such nanocarriers. The cutting-edge evidence of these nanocarriers available in this book is beneficial to students, research scholars, and fellows for promoting their advanced research.
