Effective use of driving simulators requires considerable technical and methodological skill along with considerable background knowledge. Acquiring the requisite knowledge and skills can be extraordinarily time consuming, yet there has been no single convenient and comprehensive source of information on the driving simulation research being conduc
As cognitive models of behavior continue to evolve, the mechanics of cognitive exceptionality, with its range of individual variations in abilities and performance, remains a challenge to psychology. Reaching beyond the standard view of exceptional cognition equaling superior intelligence, the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition examines the latest findings from psychobiology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, for a comprehensive state-of-the-art volume. Breaking down cognition in terms of attentional mechanisms, working memory, and higher-order processing, contributors discuss general models of cognition and personality. Chapter authors build on this foundation as they revisit current theory in such areas as processing effort and general arousal and examine emerging methods in individual differences research, including new data on the role of brain plasticity in cognitive function. The possibility of a unified theory of individual differences in cognitive ability and the extent to which these variables may account for real-world competencies are emphasized, and commentary chapters offer suggestions for further research priorities. Coverage highlights include: The relationship between cognition and temperamental traits. The development of autobiographical memory. Anxiety and attentional control. The neurophysiology of gender differences in cognitive ability. Intelligence and cognitive control. Individual differences in dual task coordination. The effects of subclinical depression on attention, memory, and reasoning. Mood as a shaper of information. Researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in psychology and cognitive sciences, including clinical psychology and neuropsychology, personality and social psychology, neuroscience, and education, will find the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition an expert guide to the field as it currently stands and to its agenda for the future.
Despite a growing body of research and targeted remediation, teenage and novice drivers continue to be six to nine times more likely to die in a crash than they are when they are just a few years older. The World Health Organization reports that road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death globally among 15 to 19 year olds. In light of these crash statistics, understanding the teen driver problem remains of paramount public health importance around the world. The Handbook of Teen and Novice Drivers: Research, Practice, Policy, and Directions provides critical knowledge for a broad range of potential readers, including students, teachers, researchers in academics, industry and the federal government, public policy makers at all levels, insurance companies and automobile manufacturers, driving instructors, and parents and their teens.
This book focuses on the design of the in-car human–machine interface (HMI) and the design-relevant psychology. It combines a design perspective with an applied theoretical perspective. The design perspective informs the reader about how to set up a design process that puts users at the centre of the design process. The theoretical perspective provides the reader with an understanding of concepts from perception and cognitive psychology, supporting the decision-making in the design process. This is an ideal book for automotive engineers and practitioners in the automotive industry who face the challenge of designing information and entertainment systems, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS), and the associated HMIs.
In this updated and expanded edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance, some of the world's foremost experts on expertise share their scientific knowledge of expertise and expert performance and show how experts may differ from non-experts in terms of development, training, reasoning, knowledge, and social support. The book reviews innovative methods for measuring experts' knowledge and performance in relevant tasks. Sixteen major domains of expertise are covered, including sports, music, medicine, business, writing, and drawing, with leading researchers summarizing their knowledge about the structure and acquisition of expert skills and knowledge, and discussing future prospects. General issues that cut across most domains are reviewed in chapters on various aspects of expertise, such as general and practical intelligence, differences in brain activity, self-regulated learning, deliberate practice, aging, knowledge management, and creativity.
Simulation continues to be a growth area in transportation human factors. From empirical studies in the laboratory to the latest training techniques in the field, simulators offer myriad benefits for the experimenter and the practitioner. This book draws together current trends in research and training simulators for the road, rail, air and sea sectors to inform the reader how to maximize both validity and cost-effectiveness in each case. Simulators for Transportation Human Factors provides a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners in transportation human factors on the use of simulators, giving readers concrete examples and case studies of how simulators have been developed and used in empirical research as well as training applications. It offers useful and usable information on the functional requirements of simulators without the need for any background knowledge on the technical aspects, focusing on the state of the art of research and applications in transport simulators rather than the state of the art of simulation technology. The book covers simulators in operational terms instead of task simulation/modelling and provides a useful balance between a bottom-up, academic approach and a top-down, practical perspective.
Fatigue is a recognized problem in many facets of the human enterprise. It is not confined to any one area of activity but enters all situations in which humans have to perform for extended intervals of time. Most problematic are the circumstances in which obligatory action is continuous and the results of failure are evidently serious or even catastrophic. Therefore, the modern media especially highlights fatigue-related failures in industries such as transportation, materials processing and healthcare. It can be, and indeed is, no coincidence that most of the spectacular failures in process control that have resulted in the world's largest industrial accidents have occurred in the small hours of the morning when the circadian rhythm is lowest and operator fatigue itself peaks. While there have been legislative efforts made at state, federal and international levels to regulate working hours of employees, the appropriate implementation of such legislation is still a long way off. The Handbook of Operator Fatigue provides a comprehensive account of the subject to serve as the definitive reference work for researchers, students and practitioners alike. The volume features 30 chapters written by experts from around the world to address each important facet of fatigue, including: the scale of the fatigue problem (Section I), the nature of fatigue (Section II), how to assess fatigue (Section III), the impact of fatigue on health (Section IV), fatigue in the workplace (Section V), the neurological basis of fatigue (VI), sleep disorders (VII), and the design of countermeasures to fatigue (VIII).
Handbook of Human Factors for Automated, Connected, and Intelligent Vehicles Subject Guide: Ergonomics & Human Factors Automobile crashes are the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in over 1.25 million deaths yearly. Automated, connected, and intelligent vehicles have the potential to reduce crashes significantly, while also reducing congestion, carbon emissions, and increasing accessibility. However, the transition could take decades. This new handbook serves a diverse community of stakeholders, including human factors researchers, transportation engineers, regulatory agencies, automobile manufacturers, fleet operators, driving instructors, vulnerable road users, and special populations. It provides information about the human driver, other road users, and human–automation interaction in a single, integrated compendium in order to ensure that automated, connected, and intelligent vehicles reach their full potential. Features Addresses four major transportation challenges—crashes, congestion, carbon emissions, and accessibility—from a human factors perspective Discusses the role of the human operator relevant to the design, regulation, and evaluation of automated, connected, and intelligent vehicles Offers a broad treatment of the critical issues and technological advances for the designing of transportation systems with the driver in mind Presents an understanding of the human factors issues that are central to the public acceptance of these automated, connected, and intelligent vehicles Leverages lessons from other domains in understanding human interactions with automation Sets the stage for future research by defining the space of unexplored questions
Praise for the First Edition: “The authors of this review manual have captured all of the elements of simulation from establishing the objectives of simulated learning experiences, to constructing scenarios, to debriefing students and the simulation team, to assessing and evaluating the learning that has accrued. They have also described the range of simulation options and the contexts for their most effective use.” --Gloria F. Donnelly, PhD, RN, FAAN, FCPP, Dean and Professor College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University This is the first practice manual to help healthcare simulation educators in the United States and internationally to prepare for the certification exam in this burgeoning field. The second edition is revised to reflect the latest test blueprint and encompass key evidence-based research that has been conducted since the first edition was published. Authored by noted experts in simulation and education who have carefully analyzed the test blueprint, the book distills the information most likely to be included on the exam. Information is presented in a concise, easy-to-read outline format. Numerous features help students to critically analyze test content, including end-of-chapter review questions, proven test-taking strategies, savvy simulation teaching tips, evidence-based practice boxes, and a comprehensive practice test with answers and rationales. Current evidence-based case studies help to connect simulation situations to simulation education. The manual also includes information about advanced certification and recertification. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION Updated to align with the new test blueprint Encompasses an abundance of new evidence-based research KEY FEATURES Fosters optimal learning and retention with a concise, easy-to-read bulleted format Assists simulation educators in all healthcare disciplines Includes Evidence-Based Simulation Practice boxes focusing on current research Provides savvy teaching tips and proven test-taking strategies Fosters critical thinking with case studies, end-of-chapter review questions, and comprehensive practice test with answers and rationales The Certified Healthcare Simulation EducatorTM and CHSETM marks are trademarks of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. This manual is an independent publication and is not endorsed, sponsored, or otherwise approved by the Society.
The authors of this review manual have captured all of the elements of simulation from establishing the objectives of simulated learning experiences, to constructing scenarios, to debriefing students and the simulation team, to assessing and evaluating the learning that has accrued. They have also described the range of simulation options and the contexts for their most effective use. ;Gloria F. Donnelly, PhD, RN, FAAN, FCPP, Dean and Professor College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University Health professionals embarking on a career teaching simulation are embracing a world of innovation in which both teacher and student can develop their healthcare skills more rapidly and promote better patient outcomes. This is the first practice manual to assist healthcare simulation educators in the United States and internationally in preparing for certification in this rapidly emerging field. The authors, noted experts in simulation and education, have carefully analyzed the CHSE blueprint to ascertain what material is most likely to be covered. They present this information in a user-friendly, pithy outline format. This review manual provides numerous features that help students to critically analyze test content, including end-of-chapter review questions, test-taking strategies, and a comprehensive practice test with answers and rationales. It features current evidence-based teaching practices and incorporates case studies to connect simulation situations to simulation education with healthcare students and includes information about advanced certification and recertification. KEY FEATURES: Comprises the first review book for the CHSE exam Follows the CHSE test blueprint Fosters optimal learning and retention through use of a pithy outline format Provides Teaching Tips feature for best simulation practice Includes Evidence-Based Simulation Practice boxes that focus on current research Incorporates case studies, 230+ test questions, end-of-chapter practice questions, and test-taking strategies The Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator and CHSE marks are trademarks of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. This manual is an independent publication and is not endorsed, sponsored, or otherwise approved by the Society.
