Author: Luigi Canullo

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

Background: To prevent esthetic failures in the esthetic area, two different strategies have been proposed: a.timmediate restoration of post-extraction site using bone-level implant in association to site regeneration plus connective tissue graft, or b.tdelayed tissue-level implant insertion in association with GBR.Presence of the IAJ at the bone level, crown overlapping, need for a supplementary surgery (immediate approach) and risk of titanium divergent implant neck exposure (delayed approach) represent drawbacks to compensate post-extraction tissue shrinkage.Aim: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate, over a 36-month period, hard and soft tissue response to a different approach for replacing missing teeth in the anterior esthetic area: transmucosal implant presenting a convergent collar inserted in regenerated post-extraction site.Materials & Methods: From June 2013 to Jan 2014, all consecutive patients needing an implant supported restoration in the aesthetic anterior maxillary area between canines were enrolled. Six months after hopeless tooth extraction and alveolar socket graft with a Magnesium-enriched Hydroxyapatite, a transmucosal type implant with convergent walls collar was midcrestaly inserted with a semi-flapless surgery. Immediate provisional restoration was inserted. Two months thereafter, an impression was taken and a definitive zirconia abutment with a provisional restoration was positioned. Two weeks after, the definitive metal-free restoration was seated. Clinical parameters, pictures, radiographs and impressions were taken at the definitive restoration time point and after 6 (T1), 18 (T2) and 36 (T3) months.Using dedicated software, radiographic analysis (to detect marginal bone level changes) and cast model analysis (to detect soft tissue vertical and horizontal changes) were performed.At the end of the study, patient satisfaction, using a VAS scale, was evaluated.Results: At the 36-month follow-up, 21 consecutive patients (9 men and 12 women with mean age of 63.7u00b114 years) with 25 implants were included in this study. All implants resulted clinically osseointegrated, stable, and showed no sign of infection. At baseline, interproximal radiographs revealed no bone defect around implants. After an initial minimal bone loss (0.09u00b10.144 mm), at the last follow-up, radiographic analysis showed a stable condition of bone remodeling (mean value: 0.09u00b10.08, range 0.0 to 0.5 mm). No statistically significant horizontal dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge were observed between each time points. Mean soft tissue levels significantly improved between baseline and T3 timepoints. The mean height of the mesial and distal papilla changes was u20130.18 u00b1 0.12 and -0.17 u00b1 0.09, respectively. The level of the labial gingival margin was -0.11 u00b1 0.063. Periodontal parameters never exceeded the physiological levels. Patient satisfaction was 9.02u00b1 2.4Conclusions: With the limitation of this preliminary trial, the analyzed minimal impact surgical and prosthetic approach allows to obtain encouraging results also in highly esthetically demanding cases even without any supplementary surgery. In fact, because of the insertion in a regenerated site and its peculiar collar shape, the implant can be inserted in a more proper midcrestal position. The absence of an AIJ at bone level eliminates the chronic inflammatory infiltrate and the associated crestal bone loss.