Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government

Author: United States Government Accountability Office

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2019-03-24

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 0359541828

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Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.


Politics And Economic Development In

Politics And Economic Development In

Author: Tom Forrest

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-09-11

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 1000307409

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Since the end of civil war in 1970, Nigeria has struggled to build a stronger federal center and to reduce conflicts that have arisen from uneven development and from ethnic, regional, class and religious differences. This book provides a comprehensive account of the dynamic interplay between the political and economic forces that have shaped gover


Government Auditing Standards - 2018 Revision

Government Auditing Standards - 2018 Revision

Author: United States Government Accountability Office

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2019-03-24

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 0359536395

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Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision.


Making Politics Work for Development

Making Politics Work for Development

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2016-07-14

Total Pages: 350

ISBN-13: 1464807744

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Governments fail to provide the public goods needed for development when its leaders knowingly and deliberately ignore sound technical advice or are unable to follow it, despite the best of intentions, because of political constraints. This report focuses on two forces—citizen engagement and transparency—that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. Citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using diverse media to pressure, sanction and select the leaders who wield power within government, including by entering as contenders for leadership. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Unhealthy political engagement, when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, gives rise to government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency, which is citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government, and the consequences of these actions, can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement.


The Effect of Religion on the Political Process

The Effect of Religion on the Political Process

Author: Femi Ajayi

Publisher: iUniverse

Published: 2009-03

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 059547828X

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Nigerians are troubled about the capability of political institutions in Nigeria to curb religious threats, thus maintaining security with minimum damage in preventing the occurrence of religious eruptions. The study examines the debate on institutionalizing the Islamic Law referred to as Sharia at the Federal level. The book ascertains the impact of religion (and ethnicity) on the Nigerian political institutions especially the Executive arm of the Government. The study examines the 1977 and 1988 Sharia debates at the Constituent Assemblies. Specific issues were addressed in the book, such as the Organization of Islamic Conference, Federal Government appointments, religious pilgrimages, the use of Arabic on Nigerian currencies, public holidays, work-free Friday, and the religious leaders, which affected the peaceful coexistence among Nigerians since the 1977 Sharia debate at the Constituent Assembly. The findings revealed that Nigerians were discontented with their political leaders over the use of religion in the public places. In addition to that, some Nigerian religious leaders infiltrated intra- and interreligious conflicts in Nigeria. However, the prospect of Nigeria as a nation lies with the leadership and followership. The study concludes that people's mentality determines the type of leaders they want, which is responsible for Nigeria's self-inflicted problems.


Modernization and the Crisis of Development in Africa

Modernization and the Crisis of Development in Africa

Author: Jeremiah I. Dibua

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-28

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 1351152904

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In this book, Jeremiah I. Dibua challenges prevailing notions of Africa's development crisis by drawing attention to the role of modernization as a way of understanding the nature and dynamics of the crisis, and how to overcome the problem of underdevelopment. He specifically focuses on Nigeria and its development trajectory since it exemplifies the crisis of underdevelopment in the continent. He explores various theoretical and empirical issues involved in understanding the crisis, including state, class, gender and culture, often neglected in analysis, from an interdisciplinary, radical political economy perspective. This is the first book to adopt such an approach and to develop a new framework for analyzing Nigeria's and Africa's development crisis. It will influence the debate on the development dilemma of African and Third World societies and will be of interest to scholars and students of race and ethnicity, modern African history, class analysis, gender studies, and development studies.


Public Administration in the Third World

Public Administration in the Third World

Author: V. Subramaniam

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 1990-06-26

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13: 0313367248

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This multiauthor reference handbook gives a detailed, objective picture of the evolution, structure, and processes of public administration in representative Third World countries. Written by an international group of specialists with first-hand knowledge of the subject, it presents empirical studies of developing nations in Asia, the Middle East, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, the West Indies, and Latin America. The resulting data are shaped by the editor into a theoretical framework delineating the complex relationships of state, bureaucracy, and class in the Third World. Subramaniam's introduction provides a critical overview of development literature in the field. Each case study begins with an historical introduction and discusses the political, executive, and the administrative structures and processes. Among the specific topics covered are public enterprises, administrative departments, personnel, financial administration, and regional and local administrative units. The majority of the systems studied are affected by the unregulated power of public enterprises, the persistence of colonial legacies, and the elitism of the bureaucracy. The concluding section relates these common elements to the sociohistorical characteristics of the middle-class groups that dominate both politics and public administration. Offering new research findings and a useful theoretical synthesis, this study will promote a clearer understanding of the internal political processes of Third World nations and be of compelling interest to specialists and students concerned with Third World political economy, comparative government, and international political economy.


Troubled Journey

Troubled Journey

Author: Levi Akalazu Nwachuku

Publisher: University Press of America

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9780761827122

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Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War is the latest of a number of case-study probes into Nigeria's unique experience as a modern African state. It pulls together a talented group of Nigerian historians who have been close students of Nigeria's "troubled journey" since Independence Day on October 1, 1960, and more precisely since the conclusion of its devastating Civil War from 1967 to 1970. This book is a major contribution to the on-going debate about how the country can best be politically restructured and socio-economically reformed.


Public Policy And Administration In Africa

Public Policy And Administration In Africa

Author: Peter Koehn

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-09-16

Total Pages: 262

ISBN-13: 1000308685

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Originally published in 1990. A look at the vast, historically and socially complex nature of the Nigeria This book is intended to share what he has learned about public policy and administration in Africa over the past ten years. This book is based upon a decade of research, reflection, and writing. The field research period corresponds with the


Federalism in Africa

Federalism in Africa

Author: Russian Academy of Sciences

Publisher: MeaBooks Inc

Published: 2016-06-13

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 1988391008

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The theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning of federal systems on the African continent are covered in this study. It presents an opportunity to familiarize the reader in great detail with the Nigerian federation, past and present, vis-à-vis the national question and the problem of fiscal federalism. The book also reveals the subject of ethnic federalism in its pure form as exemplified in Ethiopia. Furthermore, it analyzes the use of hybrid, quasi-federative policy instruments in countries such as Tanzania, Republic of South Africa, Sudan, and Kenya amongst others. It addresses the issue of the opportunistic use of the federal idea, its abuse in various socio-economic and political circumstances (Nigeria), as well as the occasional and sometimes very short exposition of federalism (Madagascar) and confederalism (Senegambia). In general, the articles in the book present federalism from different angles, revealing the complex and contradictory nature of the concept and the ambiguous experience of its implementation in the African reality.