Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in China
Governing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in China

Author: W. Qiu

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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There are growing academic and policy debates on how best to govern MPAs, concerning the benefits and risks of different governance approaches and instruments. This echoes the broader debates on the roles of state hierarchies, markets, and community participation in governing societal affairs. This study investigates the roles of different actors involved in governing MPAs, and the strengths and weaknesses of MPA governance in China. The research questions are addressed through three detailed case studies. Despite some variations, the three case study MPAs show major similarities in governance structure. In all three cases, the attitudes of key actors towards biodiversity conservation and their influences on MPA decision-making can be characterised by: 1) an unenthusiastic state, which often adopts a non-interventionist strategy in MPA management and law enforcement, as long as the MPAs exist on paper; 2) corporatised local governments, which are keen to influence and dominate MPA decision-making and law enforcement to promote economic development; 3) a growing private sector, which can both strengthen or undermine MPA governance by forming alliances with government institutions; and 4) silent local communities, whose influence on MPA governance has been very limited. In addressing the key conflicts in governing MPAs in China, the use of economic instruments appears to be the most important steering mechanism. Both state steering and community participation are used less effectively. Overall, the imbalance of power in governing MPAs and the over-reliance on market-based approaches arguably leads to failures in protecting the interests of biodiversity and local communities. Restoring the balance of power in MPA governance in China may therefore mean repositioning the central state and empowering local communities, which will allow diversified and balanced use of different steering mechanisms. Returning to a balance of power will also provide for more effective and equitable governance outcomes.

Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea
Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea

Author: Vu Hai Dang

Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Published: 2014-01-09

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 9004266356

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The once pristine and rich marine environment of the South China Sea is degrading at an alarming rate due to the rapid socioeconomic development of the region. Despite this, and due mainly to complicated sovereignty and maritime disputes, coastal States have not been able to develop effective regional cooperation to safeguard the shared marine environment. Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea discusses legal and political measures to support the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. Such a network, if properly developed, would not only help to protect the marine environment and resources of the region but also contribute to decreasing the tension among its coastal States. These measures are suggested in accordance with international law, based on the specific geopolitical context of the South China Sea region and take into consideration experiences in developing regional networks of marine protected areas from other marine regions.

Governing Marine Protected Areas
Governing Marine Protected Areas

Author: Peter Jones

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-02-24

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 113645523X

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In this innovative volume, the author addresses some important challenges related to the effective and equitable governance of marine protected areas (MPAs). These challenges are explored through a study of 20 MPA case studies from around the world. A novel governance analysis framework is employed to address some key questions: How can top-down and bottom-up approaches to MPA governance be combined? What does this mean, in reality, in different contexts? How can we develop and implement governance approaches that are both effective in achieving conservation objectives and equitable in fairly sharing associated costs and benefits? The author explores the many issues that these questions raise, as well as exploring options for addressing them. A key theme is that MPA governance needs to combine people, state and market approaches, rather than being based on one approach and its related ideals. Building on a critique of the governance analysis framework developed for common-pool resources, the author puts forward a more holistic and less prescriptive framework for deconstructing and analyzing the governance of MPAs. This inter-disciplinary analysis is aimed at supporting the development of MPA governance approaches that build social-ecological resilience through both institutional and biological diversity. It will also make a significant contribution to wider debates on natural resource governance, as it poses some critical questions for contemporary approaches to related research and offers an alternative theoretical and empirical approach.

Securitizing Marine Protected Areas
Securitizing Marine Protected Areas

Author: Elizabeth M. De Santo

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-07-10

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 1040044131

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This book presents a novel examination of Marine Protected Areas within a security context, bridging science, policy, and geopolitics, and addressing the often-under-emphasized aspect of environmental justice. The book argues that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are not only a critical tool for protecting marine biodiversity in a changing climate, but they also play an important role at the intersection of geopolitics and environmental justice, and they provide a case study of environmental governance at the science-policy interface. The book takes an interdisciplinary and critical approach and builds on the author's two decades of experience working in this field. Geopolitically, it explores the ways in which MPAs provide footprints for influence and access to resources far from home for nations with overseas territories. MPAs also raise important issues connected to equity, environmental justice, and social justice, including access to resources and participation in environmental decision-making processes, key aspects for achieving long-term conservation goals. The book also demonstrates how MPAs are a critical lens for understanding how policy makers cope with scientific uncertainty, and the necessity of well-designed and precautionary science advisory processes. While the ecological contribution of MPAs is paramount, social issues and geopolitical considerations are often less obvious in the discourse underpinning MPAs, and the resulting tensions can undermine long-term conservation objectives. By applying the three lenses of geopolitics, environmental justice and science, this book provides key insights to help the international community moving past the 2030 biodiversity targets and beyond, towards a future of meaningful, equitable, and effective conservation approaches. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of biodiversity conservation, marine studies, political geography, environmental governance, and science-policy studies. It will also be of interest to marine conservation governance professionals and policymakers.

Contested Forms of Governance in Marine Protected Areas
Contested Forms of Governance in Marine Protected Areas

Author: Natalie Bown

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-01-17

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 1136479481

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In this book, the authors examine the governance of marine protected areas (MPA), and in particular they compare two different forms of governance – co-management (CM) and adaptive co-management (ACM). CM is characterized by the decentralization of the decision-making process, incorporating the governed as well as the government. ACM is characterized by the dynamic process whereby co-management decision-making is made continuously responsive to the changing ecological and socio-economic circumstances of the MPA. The authors carry out a comprehensive critical analysis of CM and ACM before applying these concepts to the case study of the Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area off Honduras to assess two successive management cycles, 2004-9 and 2008-13. The area was designated as an MPA in 1993, a governmental decision which was met with resentment by local communities. CM was introduced in 2004 to involve these local stakeholders in the decision-making process, but achieved limited success. In an attempt to deal with these deficiencies, ACM was adopted in the second management plan in 2008, but whereas the position of the local communities improved, it tipped the scales too far away from conservation. A third management plan is currently being prepared that promises to strike a better balance between ecological and socio-economic objectives. A central theme of the book is to examine how far the CCMPA adhered to the principles of CM and ACM respectively in its first two management plans.

The Establishment of Marine Protected Area Networks in China
The Establishment of Marine Protected Area Networks in China

Author: Yunzhou Li

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13:

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In recent decades, stimulated by declining ocean health and recognition of limitations of current conservation efforts, international and regional agencies have been promoting the establishment of MPA networks as a promising strategy to sustain marine ecosystems and amplify socio-economic benefits (PISCO 2007; IUCN-WCPA 2008; UNEP-WCMC 2008). As a country with over 30 years’ experience of managing MPAs, China has established 260 MPAs in its coastal and marine areas (SOA 2015). However, a number of factors have hindered the development of MPAs and there is little use of systematic and scientific approaches to guide MPA planning in China. With China’s commitments to expand the MPA coverage in its waters (CBD 2011; SOA 2012; SOA 2013) and develop an “ecological barrier” along the coast by connecting MPAs and islands (The State Council 2015), this study aims to assess frameworks for the establishment of MPA networks in China, with a focus on critical components that would contribute to a successful and effective network from China’s perspective.

Marine Protected Areas Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes
Marine Protected Areas Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2017-06-05

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 9264276203

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Intense exploitation of our oceans and seas is degrading marine biodiversity and ecosystems at an alarming rate. This report presents good practice insights for effectively managing marine protected areas (MPAs), one of the policy instruments available for the conservation and sustainable ...

Marine Protected Areas
Marine Protected Areas

Author: Jessica S. Sanders

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13:

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The five case studies from Belize, Mauritania, Samoa, Philippines and Japan were prepared as part of a set of 16 studies gathering national experiences from around the world. The studies are intended to ground the FAO Technical Guidelines on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Fisheries1 in practical experience and to inform the use of MPAs globally

Marine Protected Areas
Marine Protected Areas

Author: S. Gubbay

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 9401105278

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have an important role in marine conserva tion programmes around the world. Although most have been established relatively recently when compared with protected areas on land, there is considerable expertise on their identification, setting up and management. Some techniques have been adapted from those used on land. Others are novel, and unique to marine conservation. The chapters in this book give an insight into this fast developing field where experiment and innovation work alongside techniques which have been tried and tested. The guiding princi ples behind key stages in the setting up and management of MP As are described, and case studies illustrate how they have worked. While it is most encouraging to read about the successes, the case studies also point to difficulties which have been encountered. Not all of the examples are new or recent but, together, they illustrate what is happening in this field.