Genome Assembly and Discovery of Structural Variation in Cultivated Potato Taxa
Genome Assembly and Discovery of Structural Variation in Cultivated Potato Taxa

Author: Maria Kyriakidou

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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"The common potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple crop, with a highly complex, heterozygous, tetraploid genome. It can grow in a wide range of altitudes from sea level up to 4,700 meters above the sea level, contributing to its success as a crop. It has its origins in South America, where potato has a large secondary gene pool consisting of wild relatives of diverse ploidy levels. Genetic resources such as landraces and wild relatives are increasingly crucial for developing climate change resilient cultivars with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.Significant efforts have previously been made to sequence and construct a double monoploid (S. tuberosum Group Phureja – DM1-3) reference genome as well as two wild reference genomes (S. commersonii and S. chacoense clone M6). However, it is uncertain how well the potato genome diversity is actually captured in these three potato genomes, as the genetic riches of the South America taxa are not represented.This doctoral dissertation focuses on the genomic analyses of sequenced data from twelve native South American potato genomes (ten taxa) of various ploidy (2n – 5x): S. tuberosum subsp. goniocalyx (2n), S. stenotomum subsp. stenotomum (2n), S. phureja (2n), S. xajanhuiri (2n), S. bukasovii (2n), S. chaucha (3x), S. juzepczukii (3x), S. tuberosum subsp. andigena (4x), S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (4x) and S. curtilobum (5x). Their comparisons with two reference genomes (DM1-3, M6) unraveled a great number of copy number variation (CNV) impacted genes, including disease resistance and abiotic stress genes. Additionally, these genomes have been assembled de novo. The draft genomes of the diploid S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx and of the tetraploid S. tuberoum subsp. andigena have been assembled using Third Generation Sequencing data, while the rest of the genomes were assembled using Next Generation Sequencing data. The diploid potato genomes have been used for the construction of a diploid potato pan-genome sequence of nine genomes, including three publicly available reference genomes. Within the pan-genome, there are self-incompatibility and disease resistant genes that are absent from the DM1-3 genome. This work reflects only a part of the tremendous variability of the South American potato taxa"--

The Potato Genome
The Potato Genome

Author: Swarup Kumar Chakrabarti

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-11

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783030097608

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This book describes the historical importance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.),potato genetic resources and stocks (including S. tuberosum group Phureja DM1-3 516 R44, a unique doubled monoploid homozygous line) used for potato genome sequencing. It also discusses strategies and tools for high-throughput sequencing, sequence assembly, annotation, analysis, repetitive sequences and genotyping-by-sequencing approaches. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; 2n = 4x = 48) is the fourth most important food crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize and holds great potential to ensure both food and nutritional security. It is an autotetraploid crop with complex genetics, acute inbreeding depression and a highly heterozygous nature. Further, the book examines the recent discovery of whole genome sequencing of a few wild potato species genomes, genomics in management and genetic enhancement of Solanum species, new strategies towards durable potato late blight resistance, structural analysis of resistance genes, genomics resources for abiotic stress management, as well as somatic cell genetics and modern approaches in true-potato-seed technology. The complete genome sequence provides a better understanding of potato biology, underpinning evolutionary process, genetics, breeding and molecular efforts to improve various important traits involved in potato growth and development.

Bioinformatics Analyses for de Novo Regulatory Motif Discovery, Structural Variant Analysis, and Genome Assembly in Potato Solanum Tuberosum L
Bioinformatics Analyses for de Novo Regulatory Motif Discovery, Structural Variant Analysis, and Genome Assembly in Potato Solanum Tuberosum L

Author: José Héctor Gálvez López

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple crop with a highly heterozygous and complex genome. Potato improvement efforts have been held back by the relative lack of genetic resources available to producers and breeders. This work has focused on expanding the available genomic and transcriptomic resources for potato. Specifically, by predicting gene regulatory mechanisms as a response to nitrogen (N) supplementation and through the assembly of two draft genomes for potato landraces S. tuberosum subsp. andigena and S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx. The response to N supplementation is important for potato production because insufficient N can have negative impacts on yield and tuber quality while excessive N can be harmful to the environment. In total, thirty genes were found to be consistently over-expressed and nine genes were found to be consistently under-expressed in potatoes from three different cultivars (Shepody, Russet Burbank, and Atlantic) grown in fields with supplemented N. The 1000 nt upstream flanking regions of N responsive genes were analyzed and nine overrepresented motifs were found using three motif discovery algorithms (Seeder, Weeder and MEME). These putative regulatory motifs could be key to understanding the genetic response to N supplementation in commercial potato cultivars. Genome re-sequencing data from two potato landraces (S. tuberosum subsp. andigena and S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx) was used to identify structural variation when compared to the potato reference genome. Using copy number variation (CNV) detection software, a significant number of deletions and duplications were identified in both landraces, affecting genes with functions ranging from carbohydrate metabolism to disease resistance. Additionally, draft genomes were assembled de novo for each variety, providing evidence for large-scale structural variation between each subspecies. A number of putative novel sequences that are currently not included in the potato reference genome were also discovered in these two potato varieties. While significant work remains to improve the assembled genomes for subsp. andigena and goniocalyx, this study provides evidence that structural variation in these wild potato species merits further analysis. " --

Genome Analysis of the Diploid Wild Potato Solanum Bukasovii
Genome Analysis of the Diploid Wild Potato Solanum Bukasovii

Author: Ilayda Bozan

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) originated in the South American Andes and is an economically important staple crop that can be successfully grown in various conditions and altitudes. The potato genome is complex, with a large gene pool drawn from numerous wild species of varying ploidy levels ranging from diploids to hexaploids. Potato breeding efforts in North America and Europe have traditionally focused on vegetative propagation of tetraploid potato because of its higher yield. However, due to the high heterozygosity levels and difficulties of tetraploid breeding, new improvement efforts are increasingly looking to diploid species as a means of introgressing traits into crop varieties.Genome sequence data and means of analyzing and visualizing the data, are crucial to achieve this goal. Significant work has previously been done by sequencing and publishing different potato reference genomes, a double monoploid (S. tuberosum Group Phureja - DM), two wild reference genomes (S. commersonii and S. chacoense clone M6), a landrace genome (S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx), and two diploid S. tuberosum genomes (Solanum tuberosum group Tuberosum RH89-039-16, Solanum tuberosum, Solyntus).The present study focuses on expanding the genomic resources for potato genome analyses. First, this study presents a newly sequenced and assembled diploid genome of S. bukasovii, which is thought to be one of the wild species that is most closely related to the cultivated potato. This genome sequence is compared with the available potato reference genomes and the results show that Copy Number Variation (CNV) affect genes have important functions such as disease resistance and metabolite biosynthesis. Second, a web portal - the Potato Genome Diversity Portal (PGDP) - was developed and implemented to visualize the published potato genomes using JBrowse and to provide a tool to investigate the genome alignments along with aiding the structural variation analysis PGDP also enables researchers to conduct research and share data"--

Structural Variation of the Chloroplast Genome and Related Bioinformatics Tools
Structural Variation of the Chloroplast Genome and Related Bioinformatics Tools

Author: Tapan Kumar Mohanta

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-04-18

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13: 2832548113

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The plastid genome has been the most important source of data for the reconstruction of plant phylogeny and taxonomic studies. With the rapid advancement of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, it has become laboratory routine work for obtaining plastid genomes (plastome), and population studies can be performed using chloroplast genome data. However, plastid genomes with specific characters such as pseudogenes, gene losses, gene duplications, gene rearrangements, widespread intra-individual polymorphisms, large-scale horizontal gene transfer, etc. have not been systematically studied. For example, plastomes of several saprophytic plants were confirmed to have lost many photosynthesis genes. The IR region of some plants decreased to several hundred base pairs, disappears completely, increased by dozens of kb, or repeat in the same direction. Most of these chloroplast structural variations are related to import plant evolution or special environmental adaptation, but their mechanisms are still unclear and effective analytical tools are lacking.

Potato Improvement in the Post-Genomics Era
Potato Improvement in the Post-Genomics Era

Author: Jagesh Tiwari

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2022-12-23

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1000823539

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The book delves into post-genomics advances in potato improvement since the potato genome sequencing in 2011. It includes recent developments in the field of potato genetic resources, genes and SNP markers discovery, and the progress in next-generation breeding applying various omics technologies and modern sequencing tools. It covers cutting-edge technologies in potato - a global perspective, genome sequencing and resequencing of various cultivated and wild species, potato germplasm management and characterization, prebreeding genomics, genome mapping and gene cloning, markers discovery, marker-assisted selection, transgenics, microRNAs, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, next-generation potato breeding technologies including genome editing and genomic selection and bioinformatics applications in the post-genomics era in potato. As genome editing and genomic selection have become emerging tools in crop improvement including potato, several research works have been demonstrated and applied world over. This book concentrates on genomics-aided characterization of germplasm and markers discovery to accelerate potato breeding. Further, various omics technologies strengthen our understanding on discovery of new genes/proteins/metabolites and key traits based on high-throughput phenotyping involved in various biotic and abiotic stresses in potato crop. The book is a useful source of information related to genomics-led research and development of this crop. It will serve as a valuable resource for potato researchers working in the area of molecular biology and would be beneficial for college students, PhD scholars, scientists, academicians, farmers and policy makers.

The Barley Genome
The Barley Genome

Author: Nils Stein

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-08-18

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 3319925288

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This book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in barley genome analysis, covering all aspects of sequencing the genome and translating this important information into new knowledge in basic and applied crop plant biology and new tools for research and crop improvement. Unlimited access to a high-quality reference sequence is removing one of the major constraints in basic and applied research. This book summarizes the advanced knowledge of the composition of the barley genome, its genes and the much larger non-coding part of the genome, and how this information facilitates studying the specific characteristics of barley. One of the oldest domesticated crops, barley is the small grain cereal species that is best adapted to the highest altitudes and latitudes, and it exhibits the greatest tolerance to most abiotic stresses. With comprehensive access to the genome sequence, barley’s importance as a genetic model in comparative studies on crop species like wheat, rye, oats and even rice is likely to increase.