This readable, well-illustrated text describes the exquisite job that the mammalian ear does in transforming sound into nerve impulses. The reader is led along the same pathway followed by an acoustic signal--from the outer ear, through the middle ear, and into the inner ear where the minuscule vibrations of the sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. At each stage, the basic mechanisms are described qualitatively in terms of current theory and illustrated with experimental data.
Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System will provide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out.
This edited volume bridges the gap between basic and applied science in understanding the nature and treatment of psychiatric disorders and mental health problems. Topics such as brain imaging, physiological indices of emotion, cognitive enhancement strategies, neuropsychological and cognitive training, and related techniques as tools for increasing our understanding of anxiety, depression, addictions, schizophrenia, ADHD, and other disorders are emphasized. Mental health professionals will learn how to integrate a neurocognitive perspective into their clinical research and practice of psychotherapy.
There are only a few vertebrate systems that can be used to model human diseases for biomedical discovery. The zebrafish model provides key advantages over existing models. Their externally developing embryos provide high-throughput non-invasive imaging, chemical screening, forward and reverse genetics, and their regeneration capacity make zebrafish a valuable system for novel discovery. Developmental studies using zebrafish has influenced discoveries in many human health-related conditions. This Research Topic covers all aspects of zebrafish studies, providing developmental mechanisms to human health conditions. The aim of the Research Topic was to foster a platform to bring all levels of zebrafish research including but not limited to development, disease, regeneration, drug screening, bioinformatics and Omics studies.
Offering perspective on both the scientific and engineering aspects of 2D semiconductors, Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Semiconductors for Novel Electronic Applications discusses how to successfully engineer 2D materials for practical applications. It also covers several novel topics regarding 2D semiconductors which have not yet been discussed in any other publications. Features: Provides comprehensive information and data about wafer-scale deposition of 2D semiconductors, ranging from scientific discussions up to the planning of experiments and reliability testing of the fabricated samples Precisely discusses wafer-scale ALD and CVD of 2D semiconductors and investigates various aspects of deposition techniques Covers the new group of 2D materials synthesized from surface oxide of liquid metals and also explains the device fabrication and post-treatment of these 2D nanostructures Addresses a wide range of scientific and practical applications of 2D semiconductors and electronic and optoelectronic devices based on these nanostructures Offers novel coverage of 2D heterostructures and heterointerfaces and provides practical information about fabrication and application of these heterostructures Introduces the latest advancement in fabrication of novel memristors, artificial synapses and sensorimotor devices based on 2D semiconductors This work offers practical information valuable for engineering applications that will appeal to researchers, academics, and scientists working with and interested in developing an array of semiconductor electronic devices.
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was described as a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response. Moreover, many critical biological functions linked to cell viability, metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to Nrf2, which regulates over 600 genes. It is well known that oxidative stress, which Nrf2 can ameliorate, plays a key role in many pathologic processes such as aging, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, on the other hand, through their ability to activate and upregulate Nrf2, can have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are an essential ingredient in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. The present book Flavonoids and Anti-Aging: The Role of Transcription Factor Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor2 focuses on the interaction between Nrf2 and flavonoids and their applications in various conditions such as aging, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disease and many other areas. Key Features: Focuses on the mechanisms and use of flavonoids in activating Nrf2 as an anti-aging and "WELLNESS" molecule Provides a specific approach to flavonoid activation of Nrf2 and its implications in aging and various disease conditions and its applications as nutraceuticals Presents flavonoid-based functional foods Discusses the flavonoid nutraceuticals market and future trends Written by experts in the field, this book provides a unique approach to understanding the flavonoid activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for many different disease conditions due to increased reactive oxidative species in the body caused by some physiological triggers.
A compelling investigation into the relationships between our biological past and cultural progress, "Cells to Civilizations" presents a remarkable story of living change.
Why does a clarinet play at lower pitches than a flute? What does it mean for sounds to be in or out of tune? How are emotions carried by music? Do other animals perceive sound like we do? How might a musician use math to come up with new ideas? This book offers a lively exploration of the mathematics, physics, and neuroscience that underlie music in a way that readers without scientific background can follow. David Sulzer, also known in the musical world as Dave Soldier, explains why the perception of music encompasses the physics of sound, the functions of the ear and deep-brain auditory pathways, and the physiology of emotion. He delves into topics such as the math by which musical scales, rhythms, tuning, and harmonies are derived, from the days of Pythagoras to technological manipulation of sound waves. Sulzer ranges from styles from around the world to canonical composers to hip-hop, the history of experimental music, and animal sound by songbirds, cetaceans, bats, and insects. He makes accessible a vast range of material, helping readers discover the universal principles behind the music they find meaningful. Written for musicians and music lovers with any level of science and math proficiency, including none, Music, Math, and Mind demystifies how music works while testifying to its beauty and wonder.
