Franklin D. Roosevelt's Diplomacy and American Catholics, Italians, and Jews
Author: Leo V. Kanawada
Publisher:
Published: 1982
Total Pages: 208
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRead and Download eBook Full
Author: Leo V. Kanawada
Publisher:
Published: 1982
Total Pages: 208
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Leo V. Kanawada
Publisher:
Published: 1982
Total Pages: 208
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Dominic Tierney
Publisher: Duke University Press
Published: 2007-07-02
Total Pages: 235
ISBN-13: 0822390620
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhat was the relationship between President Franklin D. Roosevelt, architect of America’s rise to global power, and the 1936–39 Spanish Civil War, which inspired passion and sacrifice, and shaped the road to world war? While many historians have portrayed the Spanish Civil War as one of Roosevelt’s most isolationist episodes, Dominic Tierney argues that it marked the president’s first attempt to challenge fascist aggression in Europe. Drawing on newly discovered archival documents, Tierney describes the evolution of Roosevelt’s thinking about the Spanish Civil War in relation to America’s broader geopolitical interests, as well as the fierce controversy in the United States over Spanish policy. Between 1936 and 1939, Roosevelt’s perceptions of the Spanish Civil War were transformed. Initially indifferent toward which side won, FDR became an increasingly committed supporter of the leftist government. He believed that German and Italian intervention in Spain was part of a broader program of fascist aggression, and he worried that the Spanish Civil War would inspire fascist revolutions in Latin America. In response, Roosevelt tried to send food to Spain as well as illegal covert aid to the Spanish government, and to mediate a compromise solution to the civil war. However unsuccessful these initiatives proved in the end, they represented an important stage in Roosevelt’s emerging strategy to aid democracy in Europe.
Author: Jan Nelis
Publisher: Georg Olms Verlag
Published: 2015-05-01
Total Pages: 418
ISBN-13: 3487152436
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDie im vorliegenden Band versammelten Aufsätze analysieren die vielfältige Art und Weise, wie der Vatikan, die nationalen Kirchen und einzelne Katholiken mit dem Aufstieg der extremen Rechten in Europa während der 1920er, 1930er und frühen 1940er Jahre umgingen, vom Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs, der mit Recht als einer der wichtigsten Katalysatoren des europäischen Faschismus in der Zwischenkriegszeit gilt, bis zum Schluss und zu den unmittelbaren Nachwirkungen des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Während einige Aufsätze sich auf theoretische, methodologische Probleme konzentrieren, beschäftigen sich die meisten Beiträge mit jeweils einem Land oder einer Region, wo eine faschistische Bewegung oder ein solches Regime zwischen den Kriegen und während des Zweiten Weltkriegs erfolgreich war, und wo es gleichzeitig eine signifikante katholische Präsenz in der Gesellschaft gab. Fast ganz Europa wird behandelt – ein beispielloses Unternehmen - , und eine große Zahl wichtiger Kontexte und Methoden wird untersucht. So wirken die Beiträge mit an der allgemeinen Entwicklung eines interpretativen ‚Cluster‘-Modells, das eine Reihe von Grundmustern der Forschung vereinigt und zukünftige Untersuchungen anregen wird. The papers presented in this volume analyse the many ways in which the Vatican, national Churches and individual catholics dealt with the rise of the extreme right in Europe throughout the 1920s, 1930s and early 1940s, from the end of the First World War, arguably one of the main catalysts of European interwar fascism, to the conclusion and immediate aftermath of the Second World War. While a number of papers focus primarily on theoretical, methodological issues pertaining to the book’s general theme, the majority of papers focus on either a country or region where a fascist movement or regime flourished between the wars and during the Second World War, and where there was a significant catholic presence in society. The various chapters cover almost the entire European continent – an endeavour that is unprecedented –, and they explore a wide range of relevant contexts and methodologies, thus further contributing to the general development of an interpretive ‘cluster’ model that incorporates a series of investigative matrixes, and that will hopefully inspire future research.
Author: Leo V. Kanawada Jr
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Published: 2010-11
Total Pages: 318
ISBN-13: 1452057206
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBook Two THE RIGHTEOUS AND THE JUST The Holocaust in the Italian occupied zone in southern France during World War II Before an Allied military presence exists on the continent, Roosevelt sends Allen Dulles, the future head of America's CIA, to Berne, Switzerland. Through the American legation in Berne and his myriad financial and diplomatic associates in Europe, Dulles courts numerous liaisons to Heinrich Himmler and to the conspiracy groups inside of Germany, assists in the planning of several assassination plots on Hitler's life, and participates in the initial schemes to covertly transfer millions of US dollars from "the Joint" -- the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee -- to various outlets in Europe. Roosevelt and the WEJ back these transfers of "Joint" and US funds to Joint and WEJ contacts in Europe to save or ransom or assist Jews anywhere even if the funds fall into enemy hands as bribes or pad their bank accounts. And one such rescue attempt crops up almost immediately for Dulles and Roosevelt and the WEJ in southern France. In the summer of 1943 with Allied armies poised to invade the continent, Pius and the Vatican, the Italian government and its military, and Roosevelt and the WEJ combine and collaborate with a Jewish-Italian banker, Angelo Donati, and his personal and close confidant, a Capuchin monk, Pierre Marie Benoit, in a bold and courageous scheme to rescue fifty to one hundred thousand Jews trapped in Nice and along the Cote d'Azur of southern France and evacuate them to North Africa. Leo V. Kanawada, Jr.
Author: Leo V. Kanawada Jr.
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Published: 2010-11-18
Total Pages: 414
ISBN-13: 1452057060
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBook One SOULS OF THE JUST The Holocaust in Rome, Italy, during World War II In his Map Room in the bowels of the basement of the White House, President Roosevelt meets surreptitiously in the early days of 1942 with a coterie of his close friends and associates, both Christians and Jews. All are intent on formulating and launching a comprehensive series of actions to save and rescue and preserve the Jews in Europe. Dubbed "The WEJ", they sit dumbfounded as smuggled report after report from inside Nazi-controlled Europe is placed in front of them. Each report details the horrors being inflicted upon European Jewry by Adolf Hitlers minions. The members marvel at the heroic escapades of an anti-Nazi Berlin businessman who risks his life on numerous occasions to bring these reports to neutral Switzerland. To authenticate these reports, Roosevelt enlarges the WEJ throughout Europe and initiates contacts with anti-German government leaders, with members of the Jewish underground, and particularly with Pope Pius XII and the Vatican. It's not until Roosevelt sends America's first ambassador to the Holy See that he learns of how Pius and the Vatican are thoroughly involved and committed to saving the Jews in Rome itself and in Italy, and how Pius agrees with Roosevelt and the WEJ to continue throughout the war and throughout all of Europe to not sit idly by while their brothers in the Jewish faith are in danger. Before and after the SS is ordered into Rome by Hitler in October of 1943 to round up the Jews, Pius and the Italian government and Roosevelt and the WEJ collaborate and secretly conspire, along with the German ambassador, to shelter the Jews and save them from complete and utter annihilation. Leo V. Kanawada, Jr.
Author: Leo V. Kanawada Jr.
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 226
ISBN-13: 1452057974
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBook Three A HOMELAND FOR THE JUST The Holocaust concerning Palestine and the licensing problem and anti-Semitism in the State Department during World War II To assist in the rescuing of the Jews in Europe, Roosevelt and the WEJ see that the establishment of a homeland for the Jews in Palestine is a necessity. He not only condones the use of violence to attain this end, but also subscribes to elaborate schemes to bribe Arab leaders, specifically King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, in order to realize the formation of a Jewish State. Also in defiance of Assistant Secretary of State, Breckinridge Long, and his colleagues at the State Department who attempt to thwart Roosevelt's Palestine policies and European rescue plans, Roosevelt simultaneously initiates and supports the covert transfer of "Joint" and US funds to Joint and WEJ contacts in Europe to save, ransom, or assist Jews anywhere even if the funds fall into enemy hands as bribes or pad Nazi bank accounts. He agrees with the WEJ to violate US law and by-pass his anti-Semitic State Department. It is Henry Morgenthau and his boys at the Treasury Department who compile data and evidence that Long and his people are anti-Semitic and are intentionally blocking Roosevelt's Palestine policies and the licensing and transfer of funds to Europe. They submit a secret report to Roosevelt entitled PERSONAL REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON THE ACQUIESCENCE OF THIS GOVERNMENT IN THE MURDER OF THE JEWS, JANUARY 16, 1944, which documents State's anti-Semitic activities and, if made public, would inflict a severe blow to the Roosevelt administration particularly during a presidential election year. Within days of its presentation to Roosevelt, this report leads to the formation of Roosevelt's War Refugee Board and to its overt public mission to save European Jewry. -- Leo V. Kanawada, Jr.
Author: Leo V. Kanawada, Jr.
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Published: 2010-11-18
Total Pages: 730
ISBN-13: 1452057869
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBook Five THE INNOCENCE OF THE JUST The Holocaust in Hungary and Slovakia during World War II In 1944, Hitler refuses to abandon his plans to deport the last remaining, huge concentration of Jews in Europe. Over one million Jews live relatively untouched in Hungary. He calls for the renovation and enlargement of the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. It's only at this time that Roosevelt and the rest of the world learn the truth about Auschwitz and the extermination camps of Poland. To bomb the camps then becomes a grave issue. Discovering also from these covert reports that Heinrich Himmler, Hitlers second-in-command and head of the SS, is willing to secretly negotiate with Roosevelt to end the war, Roosevelt sees the opportunity to preserve even more of the Jews in Europe. He decides to use them as his bargaining chip and sole condition for opening negotiations with Himmler. In the meantime, under the guise of needing a hundred thousand able-bodied Hungarian laborers and their families for the war effort back in Germany, Hitler hoodwinks the elderly Regent of Hungary, Miklos Horthy, and overseas a swift occupation of Hungary in March of 1944 by his Wehrmacht. Over four hundred thousand Jews are deported to Auschwitz in less than two months time by Adolf Eichmann's SS and the newly-installed, pro-Nazi and pro-German quisling Hungarian government and its thousands of rightist police. When Horthy learns the truth about Auschwitz and receives pressure from Roosevelt and the Vatican, he re-exerts his authority and halts the deportations. After an assassination attempt on Hitler in July of 1944, Himmler is encouraged by his associates to also exert his authority and approach Roosevelt's representatives in Switzerland to initiate serious negotiations to bring about a separate peace and an end to the persecution of the Jews. ; Leo V. Kanawada, Jr.
Author: Michael Seidman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 353
ISBN-13: 1108417787
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe first comprehensive scholarly account of antifascism, analysing its development in Spain, France, Britain and the USA.
Author: Stefano Luconi
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Published: 2001-02-01
Total Pages: 278
ISBN-13: 0791491234
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFrom Paesani to White Ethnics analyzes the process by which people of Italian descent renegotiated their sense of community and ethnic self-perception in Philadelphia from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth. At the turn of the century, Italian immigrants who arrived in Philadelphia originally formed allegiances and social clusters based on their localistic, provincial, or regional ties. By the late 1930s, however, the emergence of Italian nationalism together with the end of mass immigration from Italy and the appearance of an American-born second generation of individuals with loose ties to the land of their parents contributed to bring together Italian Americans from disparate local backgrounds and helped them to develop a common national identity that they had lacked upon arrival in the United States. Luconi explains how Italian Americans continued to distance themselves from other European minorities throughout the early postwar years until ethnic defensiveness against the alleged encroachments of African Americans as well as racial tensions over housing forced them to extend the boundaries of their ethnic identity in the 1960s and to redefine it within the broader context of the white ethnic movement. This process climaxed as Philadelphia polarized along racial lines on issues such as public education and crime in the late 1960s and a