This book aims to provide information about Fourier transform to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy, by explaining the fundamental aspects of the Fourier transform, and techniques for analyzing infrared data obtained for a wide number of materials. It summarizes the theory, instrumentation, methodology, techniques and application of FTIR spectroscopy, and improves the performance and quality of FTIR spectrophotometers.
The book is conceived as a text accompanying the traditional graduate courses on probability theory. An important feature of this enlarged version is the emphasis on algebraic-topological aspects leading to a wider and deeper understanding of basic theorems such as those on the structure of continuous convolution semigroups and the corresponding processes with independent increments. Fourier transformation ? the method applied within the settings of Banach spaces, locally compact Abelian groups and commutative hypergroups ? is given an in-depth discussion. This powerful analytic tool along with the relevant facts of harmonic analysis make it possible to study certain properties of stochastic processes in dependence of the algebraic-topological structure of their state spaces. In extension of the first edition, the new edition contains chapters on the probability theory of generalized convolution structures such as polynomial and Sturm?Liouville hypergroups, and on the central limit problem for groups such as tori, p-adic groups and solenoids.
This volume is based on two special sessions held at the AMS Annual Meeting in New Orleans in January 2007, and a satellite workshop held in Baton Rouge on January 4-5, 2007. It consists of invited expositions that together represent a broad spectrum of fields, stressing surprising interactions and connections between areas that are normally thought of as disparate. The main topics are geometry and integral transforms. On the one side are harmonic analysis, symmetric spaces,representation theory (the groups include continuous and discrete, finite and infinite, compact and non-compact), operator theory, PDE, and mathematical probability. Moving in the applied direction we encounter wavelets, fractals, and engineering topics such as frames and signal and image processing.The subjects covered in this book form a unified whole, and they stand at the crossroads of pure and applied mathematics. The articles cover a broad range in harmonic analysis, with the main themes related to integral geometry, the Radon transform, wavelets and frame theory. These themes can loosely be grouped together as follows:Frame Theory and ApplicationsHarmonic Analysis and Function SpacesHarmonic Analysis and Number TheoryIntegral Geometry and Radon TransformsMultiresolution Analysis, Wavelets, and Applications
This ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS aims to be a reference work for all parts of mathe matics. It is a translation with updates and editorial comments of the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia published by 'Soviet Encyclopaedia Publishing House' in five volumes in 1977-1985. The annotated translation consists of ten volumes including a special index volume. There are three kinds of articles in this ENCYCLOPAEDIA. First of all there are survey-type articles dealing with the various main directions in mathematics (where a rather fine subdivi sion has been used). The main requirement for these articles has been that they should give a reasonably complete up-to-date account of the current state of affairs in these areas and that they should be maximally accessible. On the whole, these articles should be understandable to mathematics students in their first specialization years, to graduates from other mathematical areas and, depending on the specific subject, to specialists in other domains of science, en gineers and teachers of mathematics. These articles treat their material at a fairly general level and aim to give an idea of the kind of problems, techniques and concepts involved in the area in question. They also contain background and motivation rather than precise statements of precise theorems with detailed definitions and technical details on how to carry out proofs and constructions. The second kind of article, of medium length, contains more detailed concrete problems, results and techniques.
The purpose of this monograph is to provide a theory of Markov processes that are invariant under the actions of Lie groups, focusing on ways to represent such processes in the spirit of the classical Lévy-Khinchin representation. It interweaves probability theory, topology, and global analysis on manifolds to present the most recent results in a developing area of stochastic analysis. The author’s discussion is structured with three different levels of generality:— A Markov process in a Lie group G that is invariant under the left (or right) translations— A Markov process xt in a manifold X that is invariant under the transitive action of a Lie group G on X— A Markov process xt invariant under the non-transitive action of a Lie group GA large portion of the text is devoted to the representation of inhomogeneous Lévy processes in Lie groups and homogeneous spaces by a time dependent triple through a martingale property. Preliminary definitions and results in both stochastics and Lie groups are provided in a series of appendices, making the book accessible to those who may be non-specialists in either of these areas. Invariant Markov Processes Under Lie Group Actions will be of interest to researchers in stochastic analysis and probability theory, and will also appeal to experts in Lie groups, differential geometry, and related topics interested in applications of their own subjects.
This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS Special Session on Wavelet and Frame Theoretic Methods in Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations, held September 22-23, 2012, at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA. The book features new directions, results and ideas in commutative and noncommutative abstract harmonic analysis, operator theory and applications. The commutative part includes shift invariant spaces, abelian group action on Euclidean space and frame theory; the noncommutative part includes representation theory, continuous and discrete wavelets related to four dimensional Euclidean space, frames on symmetric spaces, $C DEGREES*$-algebras, projective multiresolutions, and free probability algebras. The scope of the book goes beyond traditional harmonic analysis, dealing with Fourier tools, transforms, Fourier bases, and associated function spaces. A number of papers take the step toward wavelet analysis, and even more general tools for analysis/synthesis problems, including papers on frames (over-complete bases) and their practical applications to engineering, cosmology and astrophysics.Other applications in this book include explicit families of wavelets and frames, as they are used in signal processing, multiplexing, and the study of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. For the purpose of organisation, the book is divided into three parts: noncommutative, commutative, and applications. The first group of papers are devoted to problems in noncommutative harmonic analysis, the second to topics in commutative harmonic analysis, and the third to such applications as wavelet and frame theory and to some real-world applications.
This volume presents recent developments in the area of Lévy-type processes and more general stochastic processes that behave locally like a Lévy process. Although written in a survey style, quite a few results are extensions of known theorems, and others are completely new. The focus is on the symbol of a Lévy-type process: a non-random function which is a counterpart of the characteristic exponent of a Lévy process. The class of stochastic processes which can be associated with a symbol is characterized, various schemes constructing a stochastic process from a given symbol are discussed, and it is shown how one can use the symbol in order to describe the sample path properties of the underlying process. Lastly, the symbol is used to approximate and simulate Levy-type processes. This is the third volume in a subseries of the Lecture Notes in Mathematics called Lévy Matters. Each volume describes a number of important topics in the theory or applications of Lévy processes and pays tribute to the state of the art of this rapidly evolving subject with special emphasis on the non-Brownian world.
This book features selected and peer-reviewed lectures presented at the 3rd Semigroups of Operators: Theory and Applications Conference, held in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, in October 2018 to mark the 85th birthday of Jan Kisyński. Held every five years, the conference offers a forum for mathematicians using semigroup theory to discover what is happening outside their particular field of research and helps establish new links between various sub-disciplines of semigroup theory, stochastic processes, differential equations and the applied fields. The book is intended for researchers, postgraduate and senior students working in operator theory, partial differential equations, probability and stochastic processes, analytical methods in biology and other natural sciences, optimisation and optimal control. The theory of semigroups of operators is a well-developed branch of functional analysis. Its foundations were laid at the beginning of the 20th century, while Hille and Yosida’s fundamental generation theorem dates back to the forties. The theory was originally designed as a universal language for partial differential equations and stochastic processes but, at the same time, it started to become an independent branch of operator theory. Today, it still has the same distinctive character: it develops rapidly by posing new ‘internal’ questions and, in answering them, discovering new methods that can be used in applications. On the other hand, it is being influenced by questions from PDE’s and stochastic processes as well as from applied sciences such as mathematical biology and optimal control and, as a result, it continually gathers new momentum. However, many results, both from semigroup theory itself and the applied sciences, are phrased in discipline-specific languages and are hardly known to the broader community.
Regularity Techniques for Elliptic PDEs and the Fractional Laplacian presents important analytic and geometric techniques to prove regularity estimates for solutions to second order elliptic equations, both in divergence and nondivergence form, and to nonlocal equations driven by the fractional Laplacian. The emphasis is placed on ideas and the development of intuition, while at the same time being completely rigorous. The reader should keep in mind that this text is about how analysis can be applied to regularity estimates. Many methods are nonlinear in nature, but the focus is on linear equations without lower order terms, thus avoiding bulky computations. The philosophy underpinning the book is that ideas must be flushed out in the cleanest and simplest ways, showing all the details and always maintaining rigor. Features Self-contained treatment of the topic Bridges the gap between upper undergraduate textbooks and advanced monographs to offer a useful, accessible reference for students and researchers. Replete with useful references.
