Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st Edition it has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with water and wastewater treatment. A thorough gamut of treatment scenarios is attempted, including turbidity, color and organics removal, including the technical aspects of enhanced coagulation. The effects of temperature and ionic content are described as well as the removal of specific substances such as arsenic and phosphorus. Chemical phosphorus removal is dealt with in detail, Rapid mixing for efficient coagulant utilization, and flocculation are dealt with in specific chapters. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an Appendix devoted to this subject. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information.
Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention explores the most up-to-date studies in the field of water pollution. More specifically, this book examines the causes and effects of this threatening phenomenon and identifies the preventive measures that can be taken to contain, and even to defeat, water pollution worldwide. The papers gathered in this volume pinpoint the need to implement greener water treatments to prevent water pollution from impacting ecosystems, human well-being and economies any further. They also successfully outline the processes that have been studied, optimized and developed so far to sustain our environment. Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention will represent a valuable resource to academic researchers, students, institutions, environmentalists, and anyone interested in environmental policies aimed at safeguarding both the quality and the quantity of water.
It is necessary to understand the extent of pollution in the environment in terms of the air, water, and soil in order for both humans and animals to live healthier lives. Poor waste treatment or pollution monitoring can lead to massive environmental issues, such as diminishing valuable resources, and cause a significant negative impact on society. Solutions, such as reuse of waste and sustainable waste management, must be explored to prevent these adverse effects. The Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment is a collection of innovative research that examines waste and pollution treatment methods that can be adopted at local and international levels and examines appropriate resource management strategies for environmentally related issues. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics such as soil washing, bioremediation, and runoff handling, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, engineers, waste management professionals, natural resource regulators, environmental policymakers, scientists, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on viable resource management methods for the regeneration of their immediate environment.
K.J. Ives Professor of Public Health Engineering University College London The aggregation of small particles in liquids, to form flocs which are large enough to settle, or to be filtered, is a common operation in industrial processes, and water and wastewater treatment. This aggregation, given the general title flliocculation in this book, may be brought about by the addition of chemicals to reduce the stability of the original suspension, by neutralising electrical forces of repulsion, by the addition of chemicals (polymers) to link particles by bridging action, by the addition of chemicals which form particles to increase collision proba bilities, and by the input of energy leading to hydrodynamically induced collisions. The particles undergoing flocculation may range from colloidal in the nanometer size range, through micro scopic (micron) size, up to visible particles in the millimeter size range; that is a total size range of six orders of magnitude. Consequently the colloid chemist and the hydrodynamicist are both concerned with the interactions that take place, and to them the engineer must turn, to obtain the fundamental information ne cessary for the process design and its associated hardware.
Introductory technical guidance for civil and environmental engineers interested in domestic water treatment. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. COAGULANTS, POLYELECTROLYTES, AND COAGULANT AIDS 3. MIXING - GENERAL DISCUSSION AND THEORY 4. TREATABILITY TESTING 5. PRE-TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS.
Flocculation: Processes and Applications opens by approaching current trends in preparation and chemical modification of flocculant polysaccharides derived from plants and their flocculation performance. In addition, aspects including mechanisms of flocculation, chemical modification, the effect of physicochemical factors on flocculating activity, and recent applications of flocculant polysaccharides are reviewed.The authors go on to propose plant extracts which can efficiently perform coagulation and flocculation operations without the environmental risk of residual sludge with high concentrations of aluminum or iron.A separate study aimed to use the organic polymer from Opuntia cochenillifera cactus associated with the addition of aluminum sulfate to treat the water of a lentic body applying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration processes.The authors propose that the design and operation of flocculators is crucial for the process efficiency andlargely dependent on the following features: floc characteristics, flocculation kinetics, and engineering aspects of flocculation.This compilation also discusses current knowledge on algal organic matter (AOM) flocculation, the impact of AOM on the removal of other compounds and links AOM composition and character to the efficiency of flocculation, the reaction conditions and mechanisms and finally, to the properties of flocs.Additionally, the performance of natural coagulant tanin compared to chemical coagulants aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride commonly used in the treatment of raw wastewater from tannery, by means of the physicochemical processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation are examined.Through physical and chemical parameters, the efficiency of the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation/filtration processes using organic coagulants in the treatment of water from a lentic system in Brazil are examined as well.Later, the physicochemical performance of chitosan and mesquite gum as coagulant flocculent agent for the treatment of residual water of the cutting and packing of meat products factory is presented.The brewing industry generates effluent that can cause serious environmental impacts when not treated properly due to high loads of organic matter in its composition. Thus, in view of the growing emergence of breweries in Brazil and consequent increase in effluent production, alternatives are sought for the auxiliary treatment using coagulants and their efficiency is analyzed.Urban development also contributes to increasing water pollution, therefore the authors perform water treatment (through the electrocoagulation process) to calculate the cost of the operation.Eutrophication is one of the most prevalent water quality problems in the United States as well as other parts of the world. It has led to excessive growth of algal blooms, which not only cause the death of aquatic plants and animals, but also produce high levels of toxins and odorous compounds. The authors examine the performance of the coagulation/flocculation process using aluminum and ferric salt coagulants for the removal of microcystins.One study focuses on the coagulation flocculation of young leachate from the Kenitra city landfill. Tests were carried out by adding ferric chloride mixed with three flocculants, namely: the chitosan, the Superfloc SD2065 and the Himoloc.The authors outline researches about combining assisted sedimentation with other operations such as oxidation processes in order to evaluate the solids removal of the complete designed wastewater treatment focusing on OMW treatment.The penultimate chapter focuses on the preparation and characterization of the chitosan based flocculant for removal of heavy metal ion prepared from chitosan by N-acylation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid monoanhydride.The concluding study aims to apply the Bratby method in the characterization of the turbidity removal process, through the determination of the kinetic aggregation coefficient (KA) of the flocs and the kinetic coefficient of rupture (KB) of the flocs.
This title is only available as a free copy to download from the WaterWiki. To download your free copy of the eBook, click here. The manual can be used independantly but when used in combination with the CD-ROM, it makes a unique tool for process operators to diagnose and solve operational problems. It is also a valuable educational and training package for universities and post experience courses. Click here for more details about the CD-ROM Process stability and final effluent quality largely depend upon the composition of the biomass in an activated sludge plant. Operational problems such as bulking and scum formation occur when the wrong micro-organisms are dominating the sludge population. Microscopic sludge investigation is therefore essential for process control and stable plant operation. The manual outlines the theoretical framework, extensively illustrated with full-colour micrographs. Contents Microscopy Microscopic sludge investigation Characteristics of activated sludge flocs Filamentous micro-organisms Protozoa and metazoa Conclusions of microscopic sludge investigation The activated sludge process Operational problems Bulking sludge Scum formation
