First-order Certainty Equivalence

First-order Certainty Equivalence

Author: Edmond Malinvaud

Publisher:

Published: 1967

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13:

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Given any problem of decision under risk to which the expected utility hypothesis applies, one may associate to it first a riskless problem in which random disturbances are replaced by their expected values, and second a class of intermediate risky problems with decreasing degrees of uncertainty. In this class the optimal decision depends in principle on the degree of uncertainty but turns out to be independent of it, to the first order of approximation, in the neighborhood of the riskless problem. The first-order certainty equivalence explains why it is so difficult to characterize the situations in which an increase in the degree of uncertainty requires a decrease in the allocation of resources to the risky projects. (Author).


Economics of Atmospheric Pollution

Economics of Atmospheric Pollution

Author: Ekko Ierland

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1996-10-21

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9783540616719

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Selected papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "The Economics of Atmospheric Pollution, Theories, Applied Models and Implications for International Policy Making", held in Wageningen, The Netherlands, November 16-18, 1994


The Theory of Economic Policy in a Strategic Context

The Theory of Economic Policy in a Strategic Context

Author: Nicola Acocella

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-11-01

Total Pages: 367

ISBN-13: 1139789651

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In developing a new and highly innovative theory of economic policy, this book deals with conflicts between strategic actions by public and private agents. It builds on the Lucas critique but also applies the tools introduced by Tinbergen and Theil to dynamic policy games, and from there derives a new theory of economic policy. Its main propositions describe such properties in the models currently used for policy-making as neutrality and equilibrium existence, uniqueness, and multiplicity. These properties are key to understanding the impact of concepts such as rational expectations, time inconsistency, communication and the use of policy announcements. As the numerous examples show, they are useful both for model building and for devising optimal institutions. The Theory of Economic Policy in a Strategic Context is an essential but accessible tool for economic researchers involved in policy questions.


Essays in the Economics of Uncertainty

Essays in the Economics of Uncertainty

Author: Jean-Jacques Laffont

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 9780674265554

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These three elegant essays develop principles central to the understanding of the diverse ways in which imperfect information affects the distribution of resources, incentives, and the evaluation of economic policy. The first concerns the special role that information plays in the allocation process when it is possible to improve accuracy through private investment. The common practice of hiring "experts" whose information is presumably much better than their clients' is analyzed. Issues of cooperative behavior when potential group members possess diverse pieces of information are addressed. Emphasis is placed on the adaptation of the "core" concept from game theory to the resource allocation model with differential information. The second essay deals with the extent to which agents can influence the random events they face. This is known as moral hazard, and in its presence there is a potential inefficiency in the economic system. Two special models are studied: the role of moral hazard in a monetary economy, and the role of an outside adjudicatory agency that has the power to enforce fines and compensation. The final essay discusses the problem of certainty equivalence in economic policy. Conditions under which a full stochastic optimization can be calculated by solving a related, much simpler "certainty equivalence" problem are developed. The reduction in the complexity of calculation involved is very great compared with the potential loss of efficiency.


Optimal Control, Expectations and Uncertainty

Optimal Control, Expectations and Uncertainty

Author: Sean Holly

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1989-07-20

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 0521264448

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An examination of how the rational expectations revolution and game theory have enhanced the understanding of how an economy functions.


Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science

Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science

Author: Saul I. Gass

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 774

ISBN-13: 1461304598

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Operations Research: 1934-1941," 35, 1, 143-152; "British The goal of the Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Operational Research in World War II," 35, 3, 453-470; Management Science is to provide to decision makers and "U. S. Operations Research in World War II," 35, 6, 910-925; problem solvers in business, industry, government and and the 1984 article by Harold Lardner that appeared in academia a comprehensive overview of the wide range of Operations Research: "The Origin of Operational Research," ideas, methodologies, and synergistic forces that combine to 32, 2, 465-475. form the preeminent decision-aiding fields of operations re search and management science (OR/MS). To this end, we The Encyclopedia contains no entries that define the fields enlisted a distinguished international group of academics of operations research and management science. OR and MS and practitioners to contribute articles on subjects for are often equated to one another. If one defines them by the which they are renowned. methodologies they employ, the equation would probably The editors, working with the Encyclopedia's Editorial stand inspection. If one defines them by their historical Advisory Board, surveyed and divided OR/MS into specific developments and the classes of problems they encompass, topics that collectively encompass the foundations, applica the equation becomes fuzzy. The formalism OR grew out of tions, and emerging elements of this ever-changing field. We the operational problems of the British and U. s. military also wanted to establish the close associations that OR/MS efforts in World War II.


Advanced Asset Pricing Theory

Advanced Asset Pricing Theory

Author: Chenghu Ma

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 818

ISBN-13: 184816632X

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This book provides a broad introduction to modern asset pricing theory. The theory is self-contained and unified in presentation. Both the no-arbitrage and the general equilibrium approaches of asset pricing theory are treated coherently within the general equilibrium framework. It fills a gap in the body of literature on asset pricing for being both advanced and comprehensive. The absence of arbitrage opportunities represents a necessary condition for equilibrium in the financial markets. However, the absence of arbitrage is not a sufficient condition for establishing equilibrium. These interrelationships are overlooked by the proponents of the no-arbitrage approach to asset pricing.This book also tackles recent advancement on inversion problems raised in asset pricing theory, which include the information role of financial options and the information content of term structure of interest rates and interest rates contingent claims.The inclusion of the proofs and derivations to enhance the transparency of the underlying arguments and conditions for the validity of the economic theory made it an ideal advanced textbook or reference book for graduate students specializing in financial economics and quantitative finance. The detailed explanations will capture the interest of the curious reader, and it is complete enough to provide the necessary background material needed to delve deeper into the subject and explore the research literature.Postgraduate students in economics with a good grasp of calculus, linear algebra, and probability and statistics will find themselves ready to tackle topics covered in this book. They will certainly benefit from the mathematical coverage in stochastic processes and stochastic differential equation with applications in finance. Postgraduate students in financial mathematics and financial engineering will also benefit, not only from the mathematical tools introduced in this book, but also from the economic ideas underpinning the economic modeling of financial markets.Both these groups of postgraduate students will learn the economic issues involved in financial modeling. The book can be used as an advanced text for Masters and PhD students in all subjects of financial economics, financial mathematics, mathematical finance, and financial engineering. It is also an ideal reference for practitioners and researchers in the subjects.