Read and Download eBook Full
Author: Mark C. Dorfman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2013-03-08
Total Pages: 264
ISBN-13: 0821395416
DOWNLOAD EBOOKComprehensive reform of China s pension and social security system is an essential element of achieving its objectives of a harmonious society and sustainable development.
Author: Mukul G. Asher
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-02-22
Total Pages: 207
ISBN-13: 1317371593
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explores the linkages between age-related pension expenditures and the fiscal space needed to fund them, as well as to organize the mix of financing methods with different risk-sharing arrangements. After critically assessing the existing models projecting age-related expenditure in the literature, the book focuses on the case studies of these inter-linkages in four highly-populated East Asian countries, namely China, Indonesia, India, and Japan. Nearly two- fifths of the global population live in these countries. Therefore, how these inter-linkages manifest themselves and the initiatives in these countries for finding fiscal space will have an impact on how the ageing issues are addressed globally. This book does several distinguishing characteristics, including exploration of inter-linkages between age-related expenditure and fiscal space, and application of country-specific methods to explore these linkages, rather than relying standard macroeconomic model. In the process, the studies also bring out the limitations of standardized model used in the literatures. Scholars and policy makers interested in the subject will definitely find the book of valuable use.
Author: Randong Yuan
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2021-11-29
Total Pages: 141
ISBN-13: 1000483444
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Aging aims to investigate the impact of fragmentation and population ageing on pension sustainability in China. The book demonstrates how pension sustainability is compromised by various adverse effects produced by fragmentation, such as the moral hazard caused by the disarticulated intergovernmental fiscal responsibility. An overlapping generations (OLG) model is updated with the latest demographic data and is used to assess the impact of population ageing on pension sustainability. The book considers whether adjustment in retirement age can ensure long-term financial sustainability. It explores how, compared to the population ageing, the issues stemming from the fragmentation pose a more insidious threat to pension sustainability in China.
Author: Samuel Pienknagura
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2021-09-10
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13: 151359611X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChile’s pension system came under close scrutiny in recent years. This paper takes stock of the adequacy of the system and highlights its challenges. Chile’s defined contribution system was quite influential when introduced, and was taken as an example by other countries. However, it is now delivering low replacement rates relative to OECD peers, as its parameters did not adapt over time to changing demographics and global returns, while informality persists in the labor market. In the absence of reforms, the system’s inability to deliver adequate outcomes for a large share of participants will continue to magnify, as demographic trends and low global interest rates will continue to reduce replacement rates. In addition, recent legislation allowing for pension savings withdrawals to counter the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, is projected to further reduce replacement rates and increase fiscal costs. A substantial improvement in replacement rates is feasible, via a reform that raises contribution rates and the retirement age, coupled with policies that increases workers’ contribution density.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-11-27
Total Pages: 224
ISBN-13: 9264876103
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe 2019 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the last two years. Moreover, two special chapters focus on non-standard work and pensions in OECD countries, take stock of different approaches to organising pensions for non-standard workers in the OECD, discuss why non-standard work raises pension issues and suggest how pension settings could be improved.
Author: Dragan Pamučar
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Published: 2022-02-07
Total Pages: 564
ISBN-13: 9783036517964
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe need for operational research (OR) tools and techniques is manifested in its ability to balance conflicting objectives (goals or interests) where there are many alternative courses of action available to the decision-maker when resources, time, and funds are limited. Therefore, beyond the domain of theoretical knowledge and model-building activities, OR has all of the pervasive applications in decision making regarding problems in sustainable engineering, sustainable society, and business. OR tools and techniques find applications in all aspects of sustainability operations, such as sustainable supply chain planning, sustainable distribution, sustainable traffic flow optimization, industrial waste reduction, energy conservation, sustainable city planning, etc. Over the years, the applications of OR have been extended to solving the problems of communication of information and socio-economic fields. In this context, the academic community needs to take the lead in the design, development, and demonstration of sustainable operational research models, endowed and supported by organizations.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2012-07-31
Total Pages: 486
ISBN-13: 0309254094
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe population of Asia is growing both larger and older. Demographically the most important continent on the world, Asia's population, currently estimated to be 4.2 billion, is expected to increase to about 5.9 billion by 2050. Rapid declines in fertility, together with rising life expectancy, are altering the age structure of the population so that in 2050, for the first time in history, there will be roughly as many people in Asia over the age of 65 as under the age of 15. It is against this backdrop that the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC), through the Committee on Population, to undertake a project on advancing behavioral and social research on aging in Asia. Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives is a peer-reviewed collection of papers from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand that were presented at two conferences organized in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, and Science Council of Japan; the first conference was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and the second conference was hosted by the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. The papers in the volume highlight the contributions from new and emerging data initiatives in the region and cover subject areas such as economic growth, labor markets, and consumption; family roles and responsibilities; and labor markets and consumption.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2021-12-08
Total Pages: 224
ISBN-13: 9264641335
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe 2021 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the past two years. Moreover, the special chapter focuses on automatic adjustment mechanisms in pensions systems in OECD countries, discusses the usefulness and limitations of these policy instruments, and suggests ways to improve them in order to enhance the capacity of pension systems to fulfil their objectives.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-03-20
Total Pages: 166
ISBN-13: 9264313737
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis review builds on the OECD’s best practices in pension design and provides policy recommendations on how to improve the Portuguese pension system, detailing the Portuguese pension system and its strengths and weaknesses based on cross-country comparisons. The Portuguese pension system ...
Author: Bruce Little
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Published: 2008-01-01
Total Pages: 417
ISBN-13: 0802098746
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBruce Little explains the CPP overhaul and shows why it stands as one of Canada's most significant public policy success stories, in part because it demanded an almost unparalleled degree of federal-provincial co-operation.
