Exposure of Wildlife to Anticoagulant Rodenticides: how Environmental Drivers Modulate the Pathway of Anticoagulant Rodenticides from Bait to Predators
Author: Anke Geduhn
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
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Author: Anke Geduhn
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Nico W. van den Brink
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2017-11-09
Total Pages: 408
ISBN-13: 3319643770
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCommensal rodents pose health risks and cause substantial damage to property and food supplies. Rats have also invaded islands and pose a serious threat to native wildlife, particularly raptors and seabirds. Estimates of total damage from introduced rats range into the billions of dollars in developed countries. This book aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the scientific advancements in the assessment of exposure, effects and risks that currently used rodenticides may pose to non-target organisms in the environment, along with practical guidance for characterization of hazards. This will be discussed in relation to their efficacy, and the societal needs for rodent control, and discussion of risk mitigation and development of alternatives. The flow in the book is planned as: a. introduction and setting the scene b. problem description (risks and effects on non-targets and secondary poisoning, development of resistance) c. ; alternatives, regulation and risk mitigation d. conclusions and recommendations
Author: Jens Lodal
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 186
ISBN-13: 9789289308427
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Alan P Buckle
Publisher: CABI
Published: 2015-05-11
Total Pages: 433
ISBN-13: 1845938178
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe most numerous of the world's invasive species, rodent pests have a devastating impact on agriculture, food, health and the environment. In the last two decades, the science and practice of rodent control has faced new legislation on rodenticides, the pests' increasing resistance to chemical control and the impact on non-target species, bringing a new dimension to this updated 2nd edition and making essential reading for all those involved in rodent pest control, including researchers, conservationists, practitioners and public health specialists.
Author: David Graham Tosh
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Ariana Joyce Dickson
Publisher:
Published: 2020
Total Pages: 98
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are compounds commonly used to control rodent pests by inhibiting an enzyme critical for synthesis of clotting factors in their blood. Secondary and tertiary poisoning of non-target species frequently occur, especially of predators that consume rodents, including many species of raptors. Although raptor exposure to ARs has been documented on at least three continents, patterns, pathways and the sub-lethal effects of exposure are not well studied. This has created a substantial need to monitor the effects of ARs in free-living populations. I evaluated the prevalence of secondary, non-target exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides experienced by a predatory raptor, and I tested the performance and suitability of technology originally developed for human patients taking oral anticoagulant drugs as a novel way to rapidly assay for AR exposure in free-living raptors. To assess the risk of ARs to birds of prey in the western United States, I surveyed ferruginous hawk nestlings (Buteo regalis) in Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado. These hawks inhabit shrub steppes, grasslands, and deserts, many of which are modified by agriculture, wind power, and oil and gas development. Rodenticides are often deployed in or near developed areas to reduce numbers of burrowing mammals. Targeted species include ground squirrels (Urocitellus spp.) and prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), which often compose a large proportion of ferruginous hawk diet. I evaluated the prevalence and concentrations of eight different ARs from 173 blood samples from ferruginous hawk nestlings at 60 nest sites in 2018 and 2019. I also collected 117 citrated plasma samples and analyzed them for biomarkers of AR exposure and indicators of sample quality: prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TCT), and fibrinogen concentration. To elucidate possible exposure pathways, I collected and analyzed 54 liver samples from hawk prey and four livers from opportunistically collected dead hawks. There were no ARs detected in any hawk blood or livers, but brodifacoum was present in one rodent liver at a minute concentration (0.003 ppm). Prothrombin time (PT) of 117 hawk nestlings averaged 29.8 ± 4.8 (SD) seconds (range: 21.3 - 41.2 sec). Sex was a strong predictor of PT, with female nestlings exhibiting longer PT. These findings aid in understanding the risk of AR exposure of ferruginous hawk nestlings in Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado and contribute important baseline information on PT of wild birds. I also evaluated the potential of a point-of-care device, the Coag-Sense® PT/INR Monitoring System manufactured by CoaguSense Inc. (Fremont, California) to rapidly detect AR exposure in living birds of prey. The Coag-Sense® device delivered repeatable (i.e., precise) PT measurements on avian blood samples collected from four species of migrating raptors (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.9). However, PT measurements reported by the Coag-Sense system from 81 ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) nestlings were not correlated (r = -0.017) to those measured by standardized laboratory techniques (i.e., the accuracy of the Coag-Sense® was low). The Coag-Sense® device therefore did not accurately measure PT in this species of bird and is unlikely to do so in other birds of prey, perhaps because it uses mammalian rather than avian thromboplastin as an activator of clotting. However, this device has potential use on non-human mammals."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Author: Elżbieta Kalisińska
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2019-03-01
Total Pages: 708
ISBN-13: 3030001210
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.
Author: Joginder Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-05-11
Total Pages: 307
ISBN-13: 9811530246
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book discusses various aspects of bioactive natural products employed in the agrochemical and agriculture sectors. It covers the use of plants, microorganisms, and microbial metabolites as eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives to chemicals in the field of agriculture. Written by active researchers and academics, the book highlights state-of-art products in the field, as well as the gaps, challenges, and obstacles associated with the use of plants, microbes and their products. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for the scientific community and professionals in enterprises wanting insights into the latest developments and advances in the context of biological products, including their applications, traditional uses, modern practices, and strategies to harness their full potential.
Author: Barry S. Levy
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 628
ISBN-13: 9780875530437
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Grant R. Singleton
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 892
ISBN-13:
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