Export Prospects of Middle Eastern Countries
Author: Alexander J. Yeats
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1996
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
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Author: Alexander J. Yeats
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1996
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Alexander J. Yeats
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2000-01-01
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13: 9780821346143
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"While very diverse in many respects, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries nevertheless also share some common characteristics, including a number of important shared challenges for policymakers."The Middle East and North Africa region has great potential for economic growth and prosperity in the 21st century. Yet, this potential will not be realized unless governments and private sector leaders in the region forge partnerships for development. An indispensable resource for all those working within the international development community, especially within the Middle East and North Africa region, Trade Policy Developments in the Middle East and North Africa offers policy and institutional alternatives to help both parties achieve that goal.This volume describes and analyzes recent trade policy developments in the Middle East and North Africa. Contributors—almost all economists from the region—review recent trends in trade performance, assess current trade and investment regimes, and discuss some of the emerging microeconomic policy challenges that confront governments and firms seeking to export and trade. Topics addressed include the need and scope for using regional integration and economic free zones as a tool of development, mobilization of non-trade tax bases, efficient enforcement of product standards to ensure health and safety of citizens, and implementation of modern information technologies to facilitate customs clearance.This book is the second in a series from the Mediterranean Development Forum, a partnership of 10 Middle East and North Africa Region think tanks and the World Bank Institute. This volume will be of interest to development specialists, policymakers, and investors.
Author: Alexander Yeats
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFebruary 1996 Middle Eastern countries' exports should increase by about $800 to $900 million as a result of the Uruguay Round tariff cuts. This represents an annual expansion of less than 1 percent. The projected overall gains are small because of the erosion of tariff preferences that these countries receive in OECD markets. The Uruguay Round made major progress in removing nontariff measures facing Middle Eastern exporters -- especially in agriculture, textiles, and clothing. As a result, the average OECD nontariff barrier coverage ratio for Middle Eastern exports should fall from 10 percent to between 1 and 2 percent. Exports in the Middle Eastern countries should increase from $800 million to $900 million as a result of the tariff cuts agreed on in the Uruguay Round, according to Yeats. This represents an annual expansion of less than 1 percent. Projected gains are small because the erosion of tariff preferences that Middle Eastern countries received in OECD markets offset the positive effects of reduced most-favored-nation tariffs on nonpreference-receiving products. And petroleum, the main Middle Eastern export -- which generally faces zero or low tariffs -- is unaffected by the Uruguay Round reductions. Egypt's projected gains (about $20 million, or under 0.5 percent of total exports) are concentrated largely in agricultural exports to the European Union and manufactures in the United States. Israel should experience net trade losses because of the erosion of its free trade area preferences in the European Union and the United States. The Uruguay Round made major progress in removing nontariff barriers that Middle Eastern exports face, especially in agriculture, textiles, and clothing. But with the removal of the Multifibre Arrangement, international trade in textiles and clothing will become much more competitive. Middle Eastern countries must adopt measures to cut costs and increase efficiency to remain viable exporters. As a result of what was achieved in the Uruguay Round, the average OECD nontariff barrier coverage ratio for Middle Eastern exports should fall from a current 10 percent to between 1 and 2 percent. Net food importing countries could be adversely affected by the higher international food prices expected to result from the Uruguay Round agreement. There is a clear priority for net food importers to adopt reforms stimulating domestic production. Prospects for increased trade in the Middle East are constrained by the similar comparative advantages and export profiles of many Middle Eastern countries. The most favorable prospects for intraregional trade appear to be between countries such as Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, and Turkey -- net energy importers -- and the rest of the region. This paper -- a product of International Trade Division, International Economics Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to identify factors affecting the exports of developing countries and to anticipate changes that may occur.
Author: Rodney Wilson
Publisher: Springer
Published: 1977-06-17
Total Pages: 163
ISBN-13: 1349032999
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Nemat Shafik
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-07-27
Total Pages: 334
ISBN-13: 1349261378
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEconomic prospects for the countries of the Middle East and North Africa are assessed in light of the changing world economy, increasing integration of trade and financial markets, greater needs for educated labour, and growing concerns about poverty and environmental degradation. Cross-country papers on thematic topics by international scholars are presented. The need for major economic reforms is emphasized if the region is to use greater integration in the world economy as the basis for generating growth and jobs and reducing poverty.
Author: Jos R. L pez-C lix
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2010-07-01
Total Pages: 368
ISBN-13: 0821380753
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOver the past decade, four major developments in global economic integration have shaped trade policy and the economic performance of countries within the Middle East and North Africa region: the emergence of global supply chains, the growth of trade in services, the rise of China and India as major international trading powers, and regional integration. These developments, along with the labor and natural resource endowments of particular countries (some are resource-poor but labor-abundant, some resource-rich and labor-abundant, and some resource-rich and labor-importing), have influenced export diversification outcomes across the region. Yet these countries may not be taking full advantage of all of the opportunities the four new trends offer to them. 'Trade Competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa: Policies for Export Diversification' examines the region's trade policy agendas and their results by focusing on the countries' response to these four key developments in international trade. As the region recovers from the global financial and economic crises, the book identifies reforms that could allow countries to further strengthen global production networks, benefit more from trade in services, better compete in external markets to face the rise of China and India, and reach the full potential of regional integration. If thoroughly implemented, especially by oil exporters, all of these reforms could help boost growth and job creation in the region.
Author: Erdener Kaynak
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Published: 2015-10-16
Total Pages: 296
ISBN-13: 3110852179
DOWNLOAD EBOOK16.5 Within Western Countries -- 16.6 Between the Two Groups -- 16.7 Future Market Scenarios in the Middle East -- References -- The Editor -- The Authors -- Author Index -- Subject Index
Author: Business International S.A.
Publisher:
Published: 1975
Total Pages: 234
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Mr.Oleh Havrylyshyn
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1997-04-01
Total Pages: 27
ISBN-13: 1451973160
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRecent and ongoing agreements to liberalize trade between the European Union (EU) and Arab countries raises the question as to how the latter will fare in a more competitive environment. This paper uses the Grubel-Lloyd intra-industry trade (IIT) index as an indicator of the degree of industrial specialization to study Arab countries’ ability to compete in a more open trade setting. It concludes that whereas increased specialization has been achieved over the last decade in Arab countries, IIT remains low not only in absolute terms, but even in a cross-country comparison, when normalized for the level of development.