Exact Exponential Algorithms

Exact Exponential Algorithms

Author: Fedor V. Fomin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-10-26

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 3642165338

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

For a long time computer scientists have distinguished between fast and slow algo rithms. Fast (or good) algorithms are the algorithms that run in polynomial time, which means that the number of steps required for the algorithm to solve a problem is bounded by some polynomial in the length of the input. All other algorithms are slow (or bad). The running time of slow algorithms is usually exponential. This book is about bad algorithms. There are several reasons why we are interested in exponential time algorithms. Most of us believe that there are many natural problems which cannot be solved by polynomial time algorithms. The most famous and oldest family of hard problems is the family of NP complete problems. Most likely there are no polynomial time al gorithms solving these hard problems and in the worst case scenario the exponential running time is unavoidable. Every combinatorial problem is solvable in ?nite time by enumerating all possi ble solutions, i. e. by brute force search. But is brute force search always unavoid able? De?nitely not. Already in the nineteen sixties and seventies it was known that some NP complete problems can be solved signi?cantly faster than by brute force search. Three classic examples are the following algorithms for the TRAVELLING SALESMAN problem, MAXIMUM INDEPENDENT SET, and COLORING.


Exponential Time Algorithms

Exponential Time Algorithms

Author: Serge Gaspers

Publisher: Serge Gaspers

Published: 2010-02

Total Pages: 207

ISBN-13: 3639218256

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book studies exponential time algorithms for NP-hard problems. In this modern area, the aim is to design algorithms for combinatorially hard problems that execute provably faster than a brute-force enumeration of all candidate solutions. After an introduction and survey of the field, the text focuses first on the design and especially the analysis of branching algorithms. The analysis of these algorithms heavily relies on measures of the instances, which aim at capturing the structure of the instances, not merely their size. This makes them more appropriate to quantify the progress an algorithm makes in the process of solving a problem. Expanding the methodology to design exponential time algorithms, new techniques are then presented. Two of them combine treewidth based algorithms with branching or enumeration algorithms. Another one is the iterative compression technique, prominent in the design of parameterized algorithms, and adapted here to the design of exponential time algorithms. This book assumes basic knowledge of algorithms and should serve anyone interested in exactly solving hard problems.


Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security

Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security

Author: Henk C.A. van Tilborg

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2014-07-08

Total Pages: 1457

ISBN-13: 1441959068

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Expanded into two volumes, the Second Edition of Springer’s Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security brings the latest and most comprehensive coverage of the topic: Definitive information on cryptography and information security from highly regarded researchers Effective tool for professionals in many fields and researchers of all levels Extensive resource with more than 700 contributions in Second Edition 5643 references, more than twice the number of references that appear in the First Edition With over 300 new entries, appearing in an A-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security provides easy, intuitive access to information on all aspects of cryptography and security. As a critical enhancement to the First Edition’s base of 464 entries, the information in the Encyclopedia is relevant for researchers and professionals alike. Topics for this comprehensive reference were elected, written, and peer-reviewed by a pool of distinguished researchers in the field. The Second Edition’s editorial board now includes 34 scholars, which was expanded from 18 members in the First Edition. Representing the work of researchers from over 30 countries, the Encyclopedia is broad in scope, covering everything from authentication and identification to quantum cryptography and web security. The text’s practical style is instructional, yet fosters investigation. Each area presents concepts, designs, and specific implementations. The highly-structured essays in this work include synonyms, a definition and discussion of the topic, bibliographies, and links to related literature. Extensive cross-references to other entries within the Encyclopedia support efficient, user-friendly searches for immediate access to relevant information. Key concepts presented in the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security include: Authentication and identification; Block ciphers and stream ciphers; Computational issues; Copy protection; Cryptanalysis and security; Cryptographic protocols; Electronic payment and digital certificates; Elliptic curve cryptography; Factorization algorithms and primality tests; Hash functions and MACs; Historical systems; Identity-based cryptography; Implementation aspects for smart cards and standards; Key management; Multiparty computations like voting schemes; Public key cryptography; Quantum cryptography; Secret sharing schemes; Sequences; Web Security. Topics covered: Data Structures, Cryptography and Information Theory; Data Encryption; Coding and Information Theory; Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering; Applications of Mathematics; Complexity. This authoritative reference will be published in two formats: print and online. The online edition features hyperlinks to cross-references, in addition to significant research.


Parameterized Algorithms

Parameterized Algorithms

Author: Marek Cygan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-07-20

Total Pages: 618

ISBN-13: 3319212753

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This comprehensive textbook presents a clean and coherent account of most fundamental tools and techniques in Parameterized Algorithms and is a self-contained guide to the area. The book covers many of the recent developments of the field, including application of important separators, branching based on linear programming, Cut & Count to obtain faster algorithms on tree decompositions, algorithms based on representative families of matroids, and use of the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis. A number of older results are revisited and explained in a modern and didactic way. The book provides a toolbox of algorithmic techniques. Part I is an overview of basic techniques, each chapter discussing a certain algorithmic paradigm. The material covered in this part can be used for an introductory course on fixed-parameter tractability. Part II discusses more advanced and specialized algorithmic ideas, bringing the reader to the cutting edge of current research. Part III presents complexity results and lower bounds, giving negative evidence by way of W[1]-hardness, the Exponential Time Hypothesis, and kernelization lower bounds. All the results and concepts are introduced at a level accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises, many with hints, while the bibliographic notes point to original publications and related work.


Computer Science

Computer Science

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2004-10-06

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 0309165636

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field provides a concise characterization of key ideas that lie at the core of computer science (CS) research. The book offers a description of CS research recognizing the richness and diversity of the field. It brings together two dozen essays on diverse aspects of CS research, their motivation and results. By describing in accessible form computer science's intellectual character, and by conveying a sense of its vibrancy through a set of examples, the book aims to prepare readers for what the future might hold and help to inspire CS researchers in its creation.


Algorithms For Dummies

Algorithms For Dummies

Author: John Paul Mueller

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-04-24

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1119330491

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Discover how algorithms shape and impact our digital world All data, big or small, starts with algorithms. Algorithms are mathematical equations that determine what we see—based on our likes, dislikes, queries, views, interests, relationships, and more—online. They are, in a sense, the electronic gatekeepers to our digital, as well as our physical, world. This book demystifies the subject of algorithms so you can understand how important they are business and scientific decision making. Algorithms for Dummies is a clear and concise primer for everyday people who are interested in algorithms and how they impact our digital lives. Based on the fact that we already live in a world where algorithms are behind most of the technology we use, this book offers eye-opening information on the pervasiveness and importance of this mathematical science—how it plays out in our everyday digestion of news and entertainment, as well as in its influence on our social interactions and consumerism. Readers even learn how to program an algorithm using Python! Become well-versed in the major areas comprising algorithms Examine the incredible history behind algorithms Get familiar with real-world applications of problem-solving procedures Experience hands-on development of an algorithm from start to finish with Python If you have a nagging curiosity about why an ad for that hammock you checked out on Amazon is appearing on your Facebook page, you'll find Algorithm for Dummies to be an enlightening introduction to this integral realm of math, science, and business.


Computational Complexity

Computational Complexity

Author: Sanjeev Arora

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-04-20

Total Pages: 609

ISBN-13: 0521424267

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students.


Computer Science Illuminated

Computer Science Illuminated

Author: Nell Dale

Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Published: 2010-03-10

Total Pages: 672

ISBN-13: 0763776467

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Revised and updated with the latest information in the field, the Fourth Edition of Computer Science Illuminated continues to engage and enlighten students on the fundamental concepts and diverse capabilities of computing. Written by two of today’s most respected computer science educators, Nell Dale and John Lewis, the text provides a broad overview of the many aspects of the discipline from a generic view point. Separate program language chapters are available as bundle items for those instructors who would like to explore a particular programming language with their students. The many layers of computing are thoroughly explained beginning with the information layer, working through the hardware, programming, operating systems, application, and communication layers, and ending with a discussion on the limitations of computing. Perfect for introductory computing and computer science courses, the fourth edition's thorough presentation of computing systems provides computer science majors with a solid foundation for further study, and offers non-majors a comprehensive and complete introduction to computing.


Computer Science Distilled

Computer Science Distilled

Author: Wladston Ferreira Filho

Publisher: Code Energy

Published: 2017-01-17

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 0997316012

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A walkthrough of computer science concepts you must know. Designed for readers who don't care for academic formalities, it's a fast and easy computer science guide. It teaches the foundations you need to program computers effectively. After a simple introduction to discrete math, it presents common algorithms and data structures. It also outlines the principles that make computers and programming languages work.


Algorithms and Complexity

Algorithms and Complexity

Author: Herbert S. Wilf

Publisher: A K PETERS

Published: 2020-09-30

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 9780367659486

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book is an introductory textbook on the design and analysis of algorithms. The author uses a careful selection of a few topics to illustrate the tools for algorithm analysis. Recursive algorithms are illustrated by Quicksort, FFT, fast matrix multiplications, and others. Algorithms associated with the network flow problem are fundamental in many areas of graph connectivity, matching theory, etc. Algorithms in number theory are discussed with some applications to public key encryption. This second edition will differ from the present edition mainly in that solutions to most of the exercises will be included.