The exercise of discretion in the criminal justice system and related agencies often plays a key part in decisions which are made, but definitions of discretion are not clear, and despite widespread recognition of its importance there is much controversy on its nature and legitimacy. This book seeks to explore the importance of discretion to an understanding of the nature of the 'making of justice' in theory and practice, taking as its starting point the wide discretionary powers wielded by many of the key players in the criminal justice and related systems. It focuses on the core elements and contexts of discretion, looking at the power, ability, authority and duties of individuals, officials and organisations to decide, select or interpret vague standards, requirements or statutory uncertainties.
This book offers a comparative introduction, by editors and native authors, to the most important aspects of administrative law in various EU Member States (Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom), at the level of the EU and in the This book offers a comparative introduction, by editors and native authors, to the most important aspects of administrative law in various EU Member States (Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom), at the level of the EU and in the United States of America. It aspires to contribute to the 'transboundary' understanding of different regimes related to actions and decisions of the administration. For the purpose of the use of this book in education, research and legal practice, the contributions to the book are all based on one and the same format, thus making it more accessible for its readers. The main items of the format are: 1 What is administrative law? Definitions, general administrative law versus specific areas of administrative law, general administrative law in the context of constitutional law (trias politica, federal-unitary state aspects), basic principles and the practice/evolution of administrative law etc. 2 Who is administrating? An outline of the administration (organs, agencies, individual persons etc. in specific administrative law areas) in the framework of the territorial and functional organisation of the State. 3 Which instruments are available to the administration? An overview of the available public law instruments and the possibility to use private law instruments. 4 Which (formal) rules/principles (written or unwritten) govern administrative actions? An elaboration on decision-making procedures (public participation etc.) under general administrative law and specific areas of administrative law as well as more substantive rules/principles for administrative actions/decisions: 'due process in administrative matters'. 5 Access to (administrative) courts against administrative actions/decisions. Who can go to which courts (constitutional, administrative or ordinary) and are prior out-of-court proceedings necessary? How intensive or marginal is the test (of discretionary administrative powers) by the courts and what are the possible rulings of the court (based on a remedy- system for the plaintiff or on more general powers for the courts). 6 Recent and future developments and conclusions. The final chapter offers comparative remarks by the editors.
The first book to comprehensively describe the history, theory, and application of prosecutorial discretion in immigration law When Beatles star John Lennon faced deportation from the U.S. in the 1970s, his lawyer Leon Wildes made a groundbreaking argument. He argued that Lennon should be granted “nonpriority” status pursuant to INS’s (now DHS’s) policy of prosecutorial discretion. In U.S. immigration law, the agency exercises prosecutorial discretion favorably when it refrains from enforcing the full scope of immigration law. A prosecutorial discretion grant is important to an agency seeking to focus its priorities on the “truly dangerous” in order to conserve resources and to bring compassion into immigration enforcement. The Lennon case marked the first moment that the immigration agency’s prosecutorial discretion policy became public knowledge. Today, the concept of prosecutorial discretion is more widely known in light of the Obama Administration’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals or DACA program, a record number of deportations and a stalemate in Congress to move immigration reform. Beyond Deportation is the first book to comprehensively describe the history, theory, and application of prosecutorial discretion in immigration law. It provides a rich history of the role of prosecutorial discretion in the immigration system and unveils the powerful role it plays in protecting individuals from deportation and saving the government resources. Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia draws on her years of experience as an immigration attorney, policy leader, and law professor to advocate for a bolder standard on prosecutorial discretion, greater mechanisms for accountability when such standards are ignored, improved transparency about the cases involving prosecutorial discretion, and recognition of “deferred action” in the law as a formal benefit.
Patent Law: Cases, Problems, and Materials (2nd Edition 2022) is a free casebook, co-authored by Professor Jonathan S. Masur (University of Chicago Law School) and Professor Lisa Larrimore Ouellette (Stanford Law School). The casebook is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. A digital version of the casebook can be downloaded free online at patentcasebook.org, and a printed copy can be purchased on Amazon at cost.
