Ethical Evaluation of Manipulated Photos in News
Ethical Evaluation of Manipulated Photos in News

Author: Luise Knah

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2011-09-27

Total Pages: 8

ISBN-13: 3656015244

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Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Law - Media, Multimedia Law, Copyright, grade: 1,2, University of New South Wales, Sydney, language: English, abstract: Historically, photographs are considered to deliver an accurate description of a shown event as a ‘snapshot of time’. 1 With digital technology and image alteration programs like Photoshop, this natural assumption has changed. Nowadays, every amateur is able to manipulate pictures and a lot of publications use the technology to enhance their photos. The question if photo manipulation is ethical in general is very broad and depends on the situation. The ethical evaluation in this essay focuses on the problematic application in news rooms. Even the slightest alterations can be considered as a violation of the truthful reportage of an event that has taken place. News organisations act by self-regulating policies and are not restricted by law regarding photo manipulation, including those in Australia. The industry standard is to allow the enhancement of photographs for clarity and definition, but altering the composition is to be frowned upon.2 Journalists have to be cautious about their actions, because faked pictures jeopardize their own reputation as well as the credibility of the publication. Cropping out irrelevant details is a legitimate and well-known practise not only in news, but also in fashion, advertisement or even personal photography. The challenge is to evaluate the shift in the perception of the viewer.

Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age
Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age

Author: Thyra Lynn Page

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 9781267328830

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Photographs are visually appealing in printed media and tend to cause a higher level of emotion than words. The importance of the image used holds significant power over the masses. This research points out the differences between ethical and unethical practices within photographic print/news journalism. Examples of digitally manipulated photographs are compared to original, unaltered photographs in an effort to foster awareness of the type of manipulation that compromises journalistic ethics and damages credibility of the photojournalism profession. Research examines the legal ramifications of fraudulent image manipulation as those images are used in printed media.

The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age
The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age

Author: Miguel Franquet Santos Silva

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-01-24

Total Pages: 149

ISBN-13: 0429997639

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Delving into the complexities of contemporary reportage, this book draws from moral philosophy and histories of photojournalism to understand the emergence of this distinct practice and discuss its evolution in a digital era. In arguing that the digitization of photography obliges us to radically challenge some of the traditional conceptions of press photography, this book addresses the historic opposition between artistic and journalistic photographs, showing and challenging how this has subtly inspired support for a forensic approach to photojournalism ethics. The book situates this debate within questions of relativism over what is ‘moral’, and normative debates over what is ‘journalistic’, alongside technical debates as to what is ‘possible’, to underpin a discussion of photojournalism as an ethical, moral, and societally important journalistic practice. Including detailed comparative analyses of codes of ethics, examination of controversial cases, and a study of photojournalism ethics as applied in different newsrooms, the book examines how ethical principles are applied by the global news media and explores the potential for constructive dialogue between different voices interested in pursuing the best version of photojournalism. A targeted, comprehensive and engaging book, this is a valuable resource for academics, researchers and students of photojournalism, as well as philosophy, communications and media studies more broadly.

Photo Fakery
Photo Fakery

Author: Dino A. Brugioni

Publisher: Potomac Books

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13:

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The history and techniques of photographic deception and manipulation

Visual Ethics
Visual Ethics

Author: Paul Martin Lester

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-03-31

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 1000569004

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An indispensable guide to visual ethics, this book addresses the need for critical thinking and ethical behavior among students and professionals responsible for a variety of mass media visual messages. Written for an ever-growing discipline, authors Paul Martin Lester, Stephanie A. Martin, and Martin Rodden-Smith give serious ethical consideration to the complex field of visual communication. The book covers the definitions and uses of six philosophies, analytical methods, cultural awareness, visual reporting, documentary, citizen journalists, advertising, public relations, typography, graphic design, data visualizations, cartoons, motion pictures, television, computers and the web, augmented and virtual reality, social media, the editing process, and the need for empathy. At the end of each chapter are case studies for further analysis and interviews with thoughtful practitioners in each field of study, including Steven Heller and Nigel Holmes. This second edition has also been fully revised and updated throughout to reflect on the impact of new and emerging technologies. This book is an important resource for students of photojournalism, photography, filmmaking, media and communication, and visual communication, as well as professionals working in these fields.

Journalism and Ethics: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice
Journalism and Ethics: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice

Author: Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2019-05-03

Total Pages: 913

ISBN-13: 1522583602

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In the modern hyperconnected society, consumers are able to access news from a variety of channels, including social media, television, mobile devices, the internet, and more. From sensationalist headlines designed to attract click-throughs to accusations of bias assigned to specific news sources, it is more important now than ever that the media industry maintains best practices and adheres to ethical reporting. By properly informing citizens of critical national concerns, the media can help to transform society and promote active participation. Journalism and Ethics: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice examines the impacts of journalism on society and the media’s responsibility to accurately inform citizens of government and non-government activities in an ethical manner. It also provides emerging research on multimedia journalism across various platforms and formats using digital technologies. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as investigative journalism, freedom of expression, and media regulation, this publication is an ideal reference source for media professionals, public relations officers, reporters, news writers, scholars, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students interested in journalism and journalistic ethics.

Phototruth Or Photofiction?
Phototruth Or Photofiction?

Author: Thomas H. Wheeler

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2005-05-18

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 1135633304

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This text examines the use of images in journalistic contexts and the manipulation of these images to accomplish varying objectives. It provides a framework for critical discussion among professionals, educators, students, and concerned consumers of newspapers, magazines, online journals, and other nonfiction media. It also offers a method of assessing the ethics of mass-media photos, which will help visual journalists to embrace new technologies while preserving their credibility. Phototruth or Photofiction? also: *recounts the invention of photography and how it came to be accorded an extraordinary degree of trust; *details how photos were staged, painted, composited and otherwise faked, long before digital technology; *lists contemporary image-altering products and practices; *details many examples of manipulated images in nonfiction media and lists rationales offered in defense of them; *explains how current ethical principles have been derived; *lays groundwork for an ethical protocol by explaining conventions of taking, processing, and publishing journalistic photos; and *offers tests for assessing the appropriateness of altered images in non-fiction media. Each chapter is followed by "Explorations" designed to facilitate classroom discussion and to integrate into those interactions the students' own perceptions and experiences. The book is intended for students and others interested in the manipulation of images.

The Psychology of Fake News
The Psychology of Fake News

Author: Rainer Greifeneder

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-08-13

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1000179052

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This volume examines the phenomenon of fake news by bringing together leading experts from different fields within psychology and related areas, and explores what has become a prominent feature of public discourse since the first Brexit referendum and the 2016 US election campaign. Dealing with misinformation is important in many areas of daily life, including politics, the marketplace, health communication, journalism, education, and science. In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social networks, which have fundamentally changed the way information is produced, consumed, and transmitted. The contributions within this volume summarize the most up-to-date empirical findings, theories, and applications and discuss cutting-edge ideas and future directions of interventions to counter fake news. Also providing guidance on how to handle misinformation in an age of “alternative facts”, this is a fascinating and vital reading for students and academics in psychology, communication, and political science and for professionals including policy makers and journalists.

Image Ethics in the Digital Age
Image Ethics in the Digital Age

Author: Larry P. Gross

Publisher: U of Minnesota Press

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 410

ISBN-13: 9780816638246

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'Image Ethics in the Digital Age' brings together leading experts in the fields of journalism, media studies, & law to address the challenges presented by new technology & assess the implications for personal & societal values & behavior.

Faking it
Faking it

Author: Mia Fineman

Publisher: Metropolitan Museum of Art

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 1588394735

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"It is a long-held truism that 'the camera does not lie'. Yet, as Mia Fineman argues in this illuminating volume, that statement contains its own share of untruth. While modern technological innovations, such as Adobe's Photoshop software, have accustomed viewers to more obvious levels of image manipulation, the practice of "doctoring" photographs has in fact existed since the medium was invented. In "Faking It", Fineman demonstrates that today's digitally manipulated images are part of a continuum that begins with the earliest years of photography, encompassing methods as diverse as overpainting, multiple exposure, negative retouching, combination printing, and photomontage. Among the book's revelations are previously unknown and never before published images that document the acts of manipulation behind two canonical works of modern photography: one blatantly fantastical (Yves Klein's "Leap into the Void" of 1960); the other a purportedly unadulterated record of a real place in time (Paul Strand's "City Hall Park" of 1915). Featuring 160 captivating pictures created between the 1840s and 1990s in the service of art, politics, news, entertainment, and commerce, "Faking It" provides an essential counterhistory of photography as an inspired blend of fabricated truths and artful falsehoods."--Publisher's website.