Bacterial Aerosols Resulting from Spray Irrigation with Wastewater
Bacterial Aerosols Resulting from Spray Irrigation with Wastewater

Author: Howard T. Bausum

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13:

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Air sampling equipment was selected and adapted for the study of bacterial aerosols generated through land application of treated wastewater by spray irrigation. Preliminary data were obtained on bacteria present in treated and untreated domestic sewage at Army installations. Data were also obtained on survival of enteric bacteria in laboratory aerosols generated from wastewater at various relative humidities. A field study of 3 weeks duration was undertaken to measure aerosol dissemination of bacteria at a wastewater spray irrigation site at Ft. Huachuca, Az, Aerosol densities for the total aerobic bacteria ranged up to 1630 cu. m. at sampling points nearest the aerosol source. Confirmed coliform bacteria represented about 0.5 percent of the total, and of those nearly half were Klebsiella. Densities were greater under conditions of low wind, atmospheric stability and darkness. A mathematical model predicting downwind aerosol densities was developed, based on the dispersion equation of Pasquill and took into account the parameters of the spray equipment used. The model, in conjunction with fluorescein tracer data, was used in deriving an estimate of the fraction of wastewater entering the aerosol state.

Indexes
Indexes

Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher:

Published: 1983

Total Pages: 1760

ISBN-13:

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Viral and Bacterial Aerosols at a Wastewater Spray Irrigation Site
Viral and Bacterial Aerosols at a Wastewater Spray Irrigation Site

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13:

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The second phase of a field study to measure microbiological aerosol disemination by the spray irrigation mode of land wastewater application was conducted at Ft. Huachuca, AZ. Chlorinated and unchlorinated secondarily treated wastewaters were sprayed in periods of high and low sunlight intensity, and bacterial and virus aerosols were sampled. Predictions of long distance migration and aerosol dispersal of total aerobic bacteria and enteric virus (utilizing seeded coliphage f2 as a model), were emphasized.

Methods For Recovering Viruses From The Environment
Methods For Recovering Viruses From The Environment

Author: Gerald Berg

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1351082914

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This book argues, that without methods, there can be no research. Effective research requires effective methods, not always easy to come by. The development of methods in environmental virology became a focus of growing interest about two decades ago. Progress has been significant since that time in pure experimental systems, where there are no interferences, consistent high recoveries of viruses from environmental waters has been achievable for some time. In the natural environment, however, in relatively clean waters, substances such as humic and fulvic acids interfere with viral recoveries and average recovery rates probably do not reach 20%. With sewage sludges and shellfish, recoveries are undoubtedly much lower. Yet, even relatively low viral recovery rates have made possible the detection of viral hazards in drinking waters. The hazards that exist are undoubtedly much greater than those demonstrated with the relatively inefficient methods inefficient methods developed thus far. Improving methods, as they are developed in the years to come, will undoubtedly bring the true extent of the hazards into better perspective.