Casebook in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing
Casebook in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing

Author: Henry Cohen

Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional

Published: 2014-10-06

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 0071832769

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A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO DESIGNING ACCURATE DOSING REGIMENS Casebook in Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing uses real-life cases to teach pharmacy students, pharmacists, and clinical pharmacists how to apply pharmacokinetics to formulate proper dosing regimens. In order to be as clinically relevant as possible, the book not only discusses drugs with readily available therapeutic serum levels, but places equal emphasis on high-alert agents with narrow therapeutic indexes. Each drug chapter is written by clinical pharmacists who have hands-on experience in drug dosing and includes an overview of the drug’s pharmacology, including: Indications Mec hanisms of action Toxicities Pharmacokinetics There is comprehensive review and discussion of each drug's bioavailability, volume of distribution, clearance, half-life, therapeutic drug level monitoring, drug interactions, dosing, and availability. Each chapter is enhanced by numerous patient cases with clear step-by-step answers and explanations. Calculations, equations, and dosing recommendations are provided for each case.

Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents
Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents

Author: Elísio Costa

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Published: 2013-07-25

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 160805747X

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The development of new erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESAs) has significantly increased in recent years. Researchers are focused on different and interesting concepts, namely, methods to increase half-life of erythropoietin (EPO), finding different routes of administration and new ESA or modified EPO molecules. Scientific literature presents evidence that EPO has other effects beyond erythropoietic stimulation. These pleiotropic effects of EPO appear to result from the existence of two different EPO receptors (EPOR) with different affinities for EPO. The discovery of new EPO actions beyond the hematopoietic system has opened a new field of investigation with these agents. Several molecules have been developed to present the protective action, without the activation of the hematopoietic system. These agents can be potentially used in several diseases of the brain/central and peripheral nervous system, eye, heart and kidney. This volume of Frontiers in Drug Discovery includes a revision of articles on erythropoiesis and EPO gene regulation, microRNAs and their potential contribution to the development of new therapeutic strategies, animal models for studying kidney disease-associated anemia as well as benefits/risks of ESA therapy. The biological effects of new ESA molecules, heparin-binding erythropoietin and of pHBSP, and the potential applications of ESA, are also elicited in this volume. This volume is, therefore, a useful reference for medicinal chemists and hematologists interested in drug development and medicine related to ESAs.

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rhEPO) in Clinical Oncology
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rhEPO) in Clinical Oncology

Author: Mohammad Resa Nowrousian

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 3709176581

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Anemia is a frequent complication of cancer and its treatment. A number of clinical studies shows that the impact of anemia is much greater than previously thought. Beyond clinical symptoms, anemia significantly impairs physical and metabolic functions as well as patients' activity, well-being and quality of life. Life expectancy is also affected. In this book, written by a group of outstanding international experts, the current knowledge on anemia in cancer and its treatment with rhEPO is presented. Future developments are also discussed. Based on a broad spectrum of topics, the book describes the scientific and clinical aspects of anemia in various fields of oncology and gives diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations on when and how to use rhEPO.

Anaemia in Cancer
Anaemia in Cancer

Author: Carsten Bokemeyer

Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science Division

Published: 2004-11

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 9780080445755

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Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development
Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development

Author: Wolfgang Jelkmann

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-05-07

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 0128062002

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The renal hormone erythropoietin (Epo) is essential for the viability and proliferation of the erythrocytic progenitors generating reticulocytes in the bone marrow. Human Epo consists of a chain of 165 amino acid residues and four glycans. The synthesis of Epo is strongly stimulated by hypoxia. Epo deficiency is the primary cause of the anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). For anaemia treatment recombinant human Epo (rhEpo/epoetin and epoetin) is very useful. The drug substance is generally manufactured in EPO complementary DNA (cDNA) transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. rhEpo therapy is beneficial not only for CKD patients but also for anaemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The expiry of the patents for the first original rhEpo formulations has initiated the production of similar biological medicinal products (‘biosimilars’). The term ‘biosimilar’ should only be used for a medicinal product approved on a strict regulatory pathway (i.e. European Medicines Agency, Food and Drug Administration, etc.). Unfortunately, many claimed ‘biosimilars’ have not been through an approval authority. Furthermore, rhEpo analogues with prolonged survival in circulation (‘biobetter’) have been developed and synthetic Epo mimetic peptides have been developed for therapy. The biological role of Epo outside the bone marrow is the focus of current research.

Cells and Culture
Cells and Culture

Author: Thomas Noll

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-07-17

Total Pages: 850

ISBN-13: 9048134196

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Regeneration of tissue to replace damaged or injured tissue is the goal of t- sue engineering. Biomaterials like polyglycolic acid, collagen and small-intestinal submuscosa provide a temporary scaffold to guide new tissue growth and or- nization. Typically, they need to be biodegradable, showing good cell atta- ment and proliferation and they should possess appropriate mechanical properties (Kim et al. , 2000). Synthetic polymers ful ll most of these requirements but lack cell-adhesion peptides on their surface to enhance cell attachment. Ce- adhesion peptides are present in ECM proteins like collagen and elastin. Thus a synthetic polymer coated with ECM proteins would result in a scaffold that mimics the natural cellular environment with enhanced cell attachment and p- liferation. The new bioactive scaffold will be made by combining a synthetic polymer coated with a layer of recombinant ECM proteins produced by CHO cells. The rst step consists of identifying polymers that give best results in terms of CHO cell attachment and growth. Classical techniques to determine biomass are inappropriate to evaluate 3-D structures. Thus a screening system based on stable GFP expressing CHO cells was used to compare the different scaffolds. Simple uorescent measurement after cell lysis allows determining cell attachment and p- liferation on synthetic polymers. Finally CHO cells producing human recombinant collagen I and elastin were generated. We showed that both proteins are expressed and secreted by CHO DG44 cells. 2 Materials and Methods 2.