Abstract: A partir del contexto social en el que se están dando los cambios y las proposiciones de política económica y educativa, así como de algunas acciones de la actual política gubernamental en el modelo propuesto por la CEPAL, se señala la importancia de la desigualdad social y económica como rasgo característico de la sociedad mexicana y se enfatiza la determinación económica y política que ha tenido la educación en México. Se definen, además, algunos rasgos de la estrategia gubernamental para la modernización y se analiza la posibilidad de que las modificaciones al sistema educativo redunden en beneficios económicos y sociales para el país. (Contiene cuadros estadísticos.)
Las escuelas en América Latina están frente a una encrucijada: la de reproducir sociedades marcadas por los mayores niveles de desigualdad social del mundo o la de contribuir a hacer sociedades mas justas y solidarias. Para hacer lo segundo es esencial que los hijos de los más humildes tengan acceso a todos los niveles educativos y que sus maestros tengan la competencia y la disposición para permitirles aprender con niveles de excelencia los contenidos significativos que amplíen sus oportunidades en la vida, y con ello puedan ser más libres. El que los maestros que enseñan a los niños más desfavorecidos estén en condiciones de hacer esto depende de las políticas educativas de cada país. Este libro, escrito por algunos de los más reconocidos investigadores educativos latinoamericanos, analiza cuáles son los principales desafíos para lograr que los maestros garanticen el éxito académico de los hijos de los más pobres, y discute los resultados de las políticas educativas recientes, cuyo propósito ha sido apoyar a los profesores en estas tareas. En una perspectiva renovadora y original, que combina la discusión teórica, el cuidadoso análisis de evidencia empírica y el examen pragmático de las decisiones posibles en política educativa, este libro trata uno de los temas más álgidos y prioritarios para la reforma educativa en América Latina y en el mundo: las relaciones entre educación y desigualdad social. El texto será de interés para quienes tienen que tomar decisiones sobre política educativa, para maestros de aula, para profesores e investigadores universitarios y para aquellos políticos y ciudadanos interesados en que la educación ofrezca una verdadera esperanza de hacer a las sociedades más justas y democráticas.
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Latin America has been central to the main debates on development economics, ranging from the relationships between income inequality and economic growth, and the importance of geography versus institutions in development, to debates on the effects of trade, trade openness and protection on growth and income distribution. Despite increasing interest in the region there are few English language books on Latin American economics. This Handbook, organized into five parts, aims to fill this significant gap. Part I looks at long-term issues, including the institutional roots of Latin America's underdevelopment, the political economy of policy making, the rise, decline and re-emergence of alternative paradigms, and the environmental sustainability of the development pattern. Part II considers macroeconomic topics, including the management of capital account booms and busts, the evolution and performance of exchange rate regimes, the advances and challenges of monetary policies and financial development, and the major fiscal policy issues confronting the region, including a comparison of Latin American fiscal accounts with those of the OECD. Part III analyzes the region's economies in global context, particularly the role of Latin America in the world trade system and the effects of dependence on natural resources (characteristic of many countries of the region) on growth and human development. It reviews the trends of foreign direct investment, the opportunities and challenges raised by the emergence of China as buyer of the region's commodities and competitor in the world market, and the transformation of the Latin America from a region of immigration to one of massive emigration. Part IV deals with matters of productive development. At the aggregate level it analyzes issues of technological catching up and divergence as well as different perspectives on the poor productivity and growth performance of the region during recent decades. At the sectoral level, it looks at agricultural policies and performance, the problems and prospects of the energy sector, and the effects on growth of lagging infrastructure development. Part V looks at the social dimensions of development; it analyzes the evolution of income inequality, poverty, and economic insecurity in the region, the evolution of labor markets and the performance of the educational sector, as well as the evolution of social assistance programs and social security reforms in the region. The contributors are leading researchers that belong to different schools of economic thought and most come from countries throughout Latin America, representing a range of views and recognising the diversity of the region. This Handbook is a significant contribution to the field, and will be of interest to academics, graduate students and policy makers interested in economics, political economy, and public policy in Latin America and other developing economies.
" I have but one language?yet that language is not mine." This book intertwines theoretical reflection with historical and cultural particularity to enunciate, then analyze this conundrum in terms of the distinguished author's own relationship to the French language. Its argument touches on several issues relevant to the current debates on multiculturalism.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
This report examines how the two global mega-trends of population ageing and rising inequalities have been developing and interacting, both within and across generations.
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