Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2004
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2004

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13:

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The Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2004 Report to Congress (PDF) (166 pp, 1365K) summarizes the results of EPA's 14th national survey on pollution control capital investment needs required to meet environmental and human health objectives of the Clean Water Act. The report provides vital information for Congress, state legislatures, communities and others to help them make informed decisions relating to clean water infrastructure and pollution control methods. The 2004 Report estimates that nationwide capital investment needs for wastewater pollution control is $202.5 billion. This amount includes $134.4 billion for wastewater treatment and collection systems, $54.8 billion for combined sewer overflow corrections, and $9.0 billion for stormwater management. Small communities have documented needs of approximately $17.0 billion. The increase in overall national needs is due to a combination of population growth, more protective water quality standards, and aging infrastructure.

Clean Watershed Needs: Survey 2000
Clean Watershed Needs: Survey 2000

Author: Barry Leonard

Publisher:

Published: 2009-03

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 9781437911220

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Presents the results of the EPA¿s survey of water quality programs and projects eligible for funding under the Clean Water State Revolving Fund. EPA prepared this report to meet the requirements in section 516 of the Clean Water Act. Because of water quality problems associated with non-point source (NPS) pollution, EPA has elected to include NPS pollution control projects as well. The Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS) 2000 is a collaborative effort between 48 States and the District of Columbia, and EPA. States entered data into the CWNS database over a 21-month period to be evaluated and analyzed by EPA. The results of the data entry are presented in this report. Extensive charts, tables, graphs and maps.

Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
Urban Stormwater Management in the United States

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-03-17

Total Pages: 611

ISBN-13: 0309125391

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The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.