WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality

WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 9241548878

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Built on existing WHO indoor air quality guidelines for specific pollutants, these guidelines bring together the most recent evidence on fuel use, emission and exposure levels, health risks, intervention impacts and policy considerations, to provide practical recommendations to reduce this health burden.


Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads

Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2006-01-22

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 0309100887

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All phases of road developmentâ€"from construction and use by vehicles to maintenanceâ€"affect physical and chemical soil conditions, water flow, and air and water quality, as well as plants and animals. Roads and traffic can alter wildlife habitat, cause vehicle-related mortality, impede animal migration, and disperse nonnative pest species of plants and animals. Integrating environmental considerations into all phases of transportation is an important, evolving process. The increasing awareness of environmental issues has made road development more complex and controversial. Over the past two decades, the Federal Highway Administration and state transportation agencies have increasingly recognized the importance of the effects of transportation on the natural environment. This report provides guidance on ways to reconcile the different goals of road development and environmental conservation. It identifies the ecological effects of roads that can be evaluated in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of roads and offers several recommendations to help better understand and manage ecological impacts of paved roads.


Hidden Costs of Energy

Hidden Costs of Energy

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2010-05-26

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 0309155800

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Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.


Improving Indoor Air Quality for Poor Families

Improving Indoor Air Quality for Poor Families

Author: Susmita Dasgupta

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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Abstract: The World Health Organization's 2004 Global and Regional Burden of Disease Report estimates that acute respiratory infections from indoor air pollution (pollution from burning wood, animal dung, and other bio-fuels) kill a million children annually in developing countries, inflicting a particularly heavy toll on poor families in South Asia and Africa. This paper reports on an experiment that studied the use of construction materials, space configurations, cooking locations, and household ventilation practices (use of doors and windows) as potentially-important determinants of indoor air pollution. Results from controlled experiments in Bangladesh are analyzed to test whether changes in these determinants can have significant effects on indoor air pollution. Analysis of the data shows, for example, that pollution from the cooking area diffuses into living spaces rapidly and completely. Furthermore, it is important to factor in the interaction between outdoor and indoor air pollution. Among fuels, seasonal conditions seem to affect the relative severity of pollution from wood, dung, and other biomass fuels. However, there is no ambiguity about their collective impact. All are far dirtier than clean fuels. The analysis concludes that if cooking with clean fuels is not possible, then building the kitchen with porous construction material and providing proper ventilation in cooking areas will yield a better indoor health environment.


Power's Promise

Power's Promise

Author: Julian A. Lampietti

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 9780821359006

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This study examines the fiscal, efficiency, social, and environmental impact of power sector reforms in seven countries in Europe and central Asia (covering Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Poland). It includes a CD-ROM containing a pdf of this publication in Russian, plus pdfs of English and Russian versions of the following related titles: i) Utility pricing and the poor: lessons from Armenia; ii) Coping with the cold: heating strategies for eastern Europe and central Asia's urban poor; and iii) Revisiting reform in the energy sector: lessons from Georgia.


Harnessing Synthetic Nanotechnology-Based Methodologies for Sustainable Green Applications

Harnessing Synthetic Nanotechnology-Based Methodologies for Sustainable Green Applications

Author: Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-07-20

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 1000899713

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Decision support systems are developed for integrated pest and disease management and nutrition management using open-source technologies as Java, Android and low-cost hardware devices like Arduino micro controller. This text discusses the techniques to convert agricultural knowledge in the context of ontology and assist grape growers by providing this knowledge through decision support system. The key features of the book are as follows: It presents the design and development of an ontology-based decision support system for integrated crop management. It discusses the techniques to convert agricultural knowledge in text to ontology. It focuses on an extensive study of various e-Negotiation protocols for automated negotiations. It provides an architecture for predicting the opponent’s behavior and various factors which affect the process of negotiation. The text is primarily written for graduate students, professionals and academic researchers working in the fields of computer science and engineering, agricultural science and information technology. Dr Gerrard E.J. Poinern holds a Ph.D. in Physics from Murdoch University, Western Australia and a Double Major in Physics and Chemistry. Currently he is is an Associate Professor in Physics and Nanotechnology in the School of Engineering and Information Technology at Murdoch University. He is the director of Murdoch Applied Innovation and Nanotechnology Research Group, Murdoch University. In 2003, he discovered and pioneered the use of an inorganic nanomembrane for potential skin tissue engineering applications. He is the recipient of a Gates Foundation Global Health Grand Challenge Exploration Award for his work in the development of biosynthetic materials and their subsequent application in the manufacture of biomedical devices. He is also the author of the 2014 experimental textbook "A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology". Associate Professor Suraj K Tripathy is Associate Dean of the School of Chemical Technology at Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He currently leads the Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering Lab (CBEL) at KIIT which focuses on achieving sustainability in materials processing and utilization. CBEL explores opportunities in valorization of waste materials (secondary resources) and investigate their applications in catalysis, water treatment, and biomedical systems. CBEL also works closely with industries to develop suitable waste management and resource recycling strategies to optimize the potential of circular economy model. Dr. Derek Fawcett is the Defence Science Centre research fellow at Murdoch University, Australia. His research involves the investigation and development of new advanced materials and their use in innovative engineering systems. He has published over seventy peer-reviewed research papers in international journals.


The Economic Dynamics of Fuel Cell Technologies

The Economic Dynamics of Fuel Cell Technologies

Author: Arman Avadikyan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-11-07

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 3540248226

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Due to their environmental and efficiency characteristics fuel cells are promising technological solutions for many energy related applications (stationary power generation, vehicle propulsion, portable equipment). This book describes the economic dynamics of fuel cells by analyzing their diffusion perspectives as well as the strategic and organisational arrangements designed to promote their development. The costs, risks and economic stakes of fuel cell technologies require both a sustained involvement from public entities and the setting up of innovation networks with a large variety of heterogeneous actors. This context corresponds to a new space for technological competition located at the intersection between firms, networks and national/regional systems of innovation. The book presents a comprehensive analysis of this cooperation/competition phenomenon through different theoretical and empirical investigations.


Air Pollution

Air Pollution

Author: Bhola R. Gurjar

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-06-22

Total Pages: 556

ISBN-13: 1439809631

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Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I