Worldwide growth of space communications has caused a rapid increase in the number of satellites operating in geostationary orbits, causing overcrowded orbits. This practical resource is designed to help professionals overcome this problem. This timely book provides a solid understanding of the use of radio interferometers for tracking and monitoring satellites in overcrowded environments. Practitioners learn the fundamentals of radio interferometer hardware, including antennas, receiving equipment, signal processing and phase detection, and measurement accuracies. This in-depth volume describes the nature of the targets to be tracked by the interferometer, helping to clarify the movement of target satellites and what specific information has to be caught by the interferometer. Additionally, engineers find details on applications to practical cases of satellite tracking, covering different types of interferometers, recent technical developments, orbital monitoring and safety control.
This highly-anticipated second edition of an Artech House classic covers several key radar analysis areas: the radar range equation, detection theory, ambiguity functions, waveforms, antennas, active arrays, receivers and signal processors, CFAR and chaff analysis. Readers will be able to predict the detection performance of a radar system using the radar range equation, its various parameters, matched filter theory, and Swerling target models. The performance of various signal processors, single pulse, pulsed Doppler, LFM, NLFM, and BPSK, are discussed, taking into account factors including MTI processing, integration gain, weighting loss and straddling loss. The details of radar analysis are covered from a mathematical perspective, with in-depth breakdowns of radar performance in the presence of clutter. Readers will be able to determine the nose temperature of a multi-channel receiver as it is used in active arrays. With the addition of three new chapters on moving target detectors, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and new MATLAB codes, this expanded second edition will appeal to the novice as well as the experienced practitioner.
This completely updated second edition of an Artech House classic provides a thorough introduction to the basic principles of electromagnetic wave propagation of radio frequencies in real-world conditions, fully updated by including new achievements in theory and technology. It serves as an invaluable daily reference for practitioners in the field and as a complete, organized text on the subject. This comprehensive resource covers a wide range of essential topics, from the classification of radio waves, electromagnetic wave theory, and antennas for RF radio links, to the impact of the earth surface on the propagation of ground waves, atmospheric affects in radio wave propagation, and radio wave reception. The book explores the propagation of the ground radio waves, namely the waves that propagate in vicinity of the earth's surface (e.g., guided by that interface), without involvement of any atmospheric effects. Specifics of the high-frequency (HF) radio propagation due to reflections from ionospheric layers is studied, based on commonly used models of the ionospheric vertical profiles. Scattering of the radio waves of UHF and higher frequency bands from the random variations of the tropospheric refraction index (from tiny air turbulences) are also considered by using the principles of statistical radio-physics. Analysis of propagation conditions on real propagation paths, including analysis of the power budget of the VHF/UHF link to assure its stability (percentage of availability within observation time frame), terrestrial, broadcast, mobile, and satellite RF links are presented. The engineering design of the cellular networks, including LTE 4G, 5G and upcoming higher generations is explored. HF propagation predictions for extremely long-range links design for commercial and military applications are explained. Packed with examples and problems, this book provides a theoretical background for astrophysical, aeronomy and geophysical instrumentation design.
Written by a prominent expert in the field, this updated and expanded second edition of an Artech House classic includes the most recent breakthroughs in vital sign and gender recognition via micro-radar, as well as covering basic principles of Doppler effect and micro-Doppler effect and describing basic applications of micro-Doppler signatures in radar. The book presents detailed procedures about how to generate and analyze micro-Doppler signatures from radar signals. Readers will learn how to model and animate an object (such as human, spinning top, rotating rotor blades) with movement, simulation of radar returns from the object, and generating micro-Doppler signature. The book includes coverage of the Google project “Soli”, which demonstrated the use of radar micro-Doppler effect to sense and recognize micro motions of human hand gesture for controlling devices. It also discusses noncontact detection of human vital sign (micro motions of breathing and heart beating) using radar, another important application of radar micro-Doppler sensors. Detailed MATLAB source codes for simulation of radar backscattering from targets with various motions are provided, along with source codes for generating micro-Doppler signatures and analyzing characteristics of targets.
This highly-anticipated second edition of the bestselling Cognitive Radar: The Knowledge-Aided Fully Adaptive Approach, the first book on the subject, provides up-to-the-minute advances in the field of cognitive radar (CR). Adaptive waveform methods are discussed in detail, along with optimum resource allocation and radar scheduling. Chronicling the field of cognitive radar (CR), this cutting-edge resource provides an accessible introduction to the theory and applications of CR, and presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in this emerging area. It covers important breakthroughs in advanced radar systems, and offers new and powerful methods for combating difficult clutter environments. You find details on specific algorithmic and real-time high-performance embedded computing (HPEC) architectures. This practical book is supported with numerous examples that clarify key topics, and includes more than 370 equations.
Information warfare is emerging as the new war fighting paradigm of the U.S. and many of its allies. This book is the first in the field to address communication electronic warfare (EW) systems in the context of information warfare. Authored by a recognized leading authority, the book includes a unique formulation of EW system performance and presents results of system simulations that have not appeared previously in any related literature. Essential reading for EW engineers and researchers working in defense, aerospace, and military capacities, the book explores the properties of information, the properties of information communication means, information theory, EW system architectures, and two operational simulations, one in Northeast Asia and the other in urban terrain.
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars are a fast expanding area in radar technology due to their stealth features, extremely high resolutions, and relatively clutter free displays. This groundbreaking resource offers engineers expert guidance in designing narrowband FMCW radars for surveillance, navigation, and missile seeking. It also provides professionals with a thorough understanding of underpinnings of this burgeoning technology. Moreover, readers find detailed coverage of the RF components that form the basis of radar construction. Featuring clear examples, the book presents critical discussions on key applications. Practitioners learn how to use time-saving MATLAB® and SystemVue design software to help them with their challenging projects in the field. Additionally, this authoritative reference shows engineers how to analyze FMCW radars of various types, including missile seekers and missile altimeters. Packed with over 600 equations, the book presents discussions on key radar algorithms and their implementation, as well as designing modern radar to meet given operational requirements.
This exciting new resource covers various emerging applications of short range radars, including people counting and tracking, gesture sensing, human activity recognition, air-drawing, material classification, object classification, vital sensing by extracting features such as range-Doppler Images (RDI), range-cross range images, Doppler Spectrogram or directly feeding raw ADC data to the classifiers. The book also presents how deep learning architectures are replacing conventional radar signal processing pipelines enabling new applications and results. It describes how deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, connectionist This exciting new resource presents emerging applications of artificial intelligence and deep learning in short-range radar. The book covers applications ranging from industrial, consumer space to emerging automotive applications. The book presents several human-machine interface (HMI) applications, such as gesture recognition and sensing, human activity classification, air-writing, material classification, vital sensing, people sensing, people counting, people localization and in-cabin automotive occupancy and smart trunk opening. The underpinnings of deep learning are explored, outlining the history of neural networks and the optimization algorithms to train them. Modern deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), popular DCNN architectures for computer vision and their features are also introduced. The book presents other deep learning architectures, such as long-short term memory (LSTM), auto-encoders, variational auto-encoders (VAE), and generative adversarial networks (GAN). The application of human activity recognition as well as the application of air-writing using a network of short-range radars are outlined. This book demonstrates and highlights how deep learning is enabling several advanced industrial, consumer and in-cabin applications of short-range radars, which weren't otherwise possible. It illustrates various advanced applications, their respective challenges, and how they are been addressed using different deep learning architectures and algorithms.
Radio communications plays an increasingly critical and growing role in today's electronic battlefield. Because more and more radio signals are deployed in electronic warfare (EW) situations, determining which ones are friendly and which are enemy has become more difficult and crucial. This book arms defense systems designers and operators with the full array of traditional search mechanisms and advanced high-resolution techniques for targeting radio signals deployed in electronic warfare. An invaluable technical reference, the book helps professionals fully understand the tradeoffs involved in designing EW target acquisition systems with less time and effort. Moreover, practitioners learn how to establish optimum methods for acquiring communication targets for exploitation or countermeasures. The book also serves as an excellent text for graduate courses in electronic warfare.
Conflict in cyberspace is becoming more prevalent in all public and private sectors and is of concern on many levels. As a result, knowledge of the topic is becoming essential across most disciplines. This book reviews and explains the technologies that underlie offensive and defensive cyber operations, which are practiced by a range of cyber actors including state actors, criminal enterprises, activists, and individuals. It explains the processes and technologies that enable the full spectrum of cyber operations. Readers will learn how to use basic tools for cyber security and pen-testing, and also be able to quantitatively assess cyber risk to systems and environments and discern and categorize malicious activity. The book provides key concepts of information age conflict technical basics/fundamentals needed to understand more specific remedies and activities associated with all aspects of cyber operations. It explains techniques associated with offensive cyber operations, with careful distinctions made between cyber ISR, cyber exploitation, and cyber attack. It explores defensive cyber operations and includes case studies that provide practical information, making this book useful for both novice and advanced information warfare practitioners.
