Ecosystem Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea
Ecosystem Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea

Author: Leonid I. Ivanov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 406

ISBN-13: 9780792352433

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This text tackles complex scientific problems related to the evolution of the Black Sea ecosystem. This volume contains 27 papers in all, two on the NATO TU Black Sea database and database management system, eight on the Black Sea biogeochemistry, and 17 on the biological structure of the basin.

The Black Sea from Paleogeography to Modern Navigation
The Black Sea from Paleogeography to Modern Navigation

Author: Romeo Bosneagu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-02-22

Total Pages: 492

ISBN-13: 3030887626

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This book provides an analysis of the evolution of navigation and seaborne trade in the Black Sea, considering the geographic, geological, and hydro-meteorological data, including information from the historical, geopolitical, economic, social, and military frames. In ancient times the Black Sea was at the edge of the known world, and together with its coasts it preserves traces of the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine civilizations. Many of the ancient ports were important and essential towns, which remains the case in modern times. The complex geographical conditions that have historically influenced, and continue to influence the development of maritime trade and transport in the Black Sea, have not been thoroughly researched or optimized for these activities. The book is divided into ten chapters. Chapter I describes the physical – geographical conditions of the Black Sea’s basin, and the geological evolution of its recent history, with application to the hypothesis of Noah's flood. Chapter 2 presents a short history of the research conducted on the Black Sea upto present day. Chapter 3 summarizes the specific characteristics of the Black Sea’s morphohydrography and morphodynamics. Chapter 4 contains the conclusions regarding the influence of coastal relief on the navigation and seaborne trade on the Black Sea. Chapter 5 analyzes the Black Sea basin’s meteo-climatic regime. Chapter 6 contains the conclusions of the influence of weather and climate factors on the navigation and seaborne trade on the Black Sea. Chapter 7 describes the specific hydrological factors of the Black Sea. Chapter 8 contains the conclusions regarding the influence of the hydrological factors for the navigation and seaborne trade on the Black Sea. Chapter 9 presents the Black Sea’s specific hydrobiological elements specific, as a „unicum hydrobiologicum”, and the main features of the Black Sea’s ecology. Chapter 10 is concentrated on the historical, social, political, economic, and geopolitical framework of the Black Sea basin influencing navigation and maritime transportation, from ancient times to the present. The book is written from the perspective of a Romanian Navy officer, with more than 40 years’ experience in the Romanian Navy

Trajectories in Oceanography
Trajectories in Oceanography

Author: Emil Stanev

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-09-14

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 3031337204

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This book presents the development of oceanography of European regional and coastal seas over the last 50 years. It describes the evolution of scientific practice alongside the technological development of measurements and computer modelling. Emphasis is placed on transformation of basic research into applied science and services. This reflects the growing public awareness of ocean issues. The recent advancements in the field of operational oceanography are presented as an important scientific response to the needs of environmental protection and sustainable development. The book could be of interest to scientists and students in various fields of oceanography, to practitioners in the field, and to the general readership interested in environmental sciences.

Modelling Toolbox 2
Modelling Toolbox 2

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 9789279646690

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The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) obligates all EU Member States to take the necessary measures to maintain or progressively achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in the marine environment by the year 2020. In order to assist Member States (MSs) in the implementation of the MSFD, a MSFD Competence Centre (MCC, http://mcc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) has been established at the Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources (Water and Marine Resources Unit). In the framework of the Administrative Arrangement No ENV C.2/2015/070201/705766 between DG Environment and DG JRC, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Water and Marine Resources, the development of a modelling toolbox has been initiated. This toolbox facilitates the online coupling of a hydrodynamic model with a lower trophic level model of the Black Sea ecosystem. It can be used for multi-annual simulations of past, present and future conditions in the Black Sea. The General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) has been selected as reliable hydrodynamic model for the Black Sea's simulations. The model is forced with atmospheric data from the European Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX), river runoff from Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) and is initialised with temperature and salinity 3D fields coming from the project MEDAR/MEDATLAS II. A new Black Sea Ecosystem Model (BSEM) is linked via the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM,) with the hydrodynamic model. The coupled physical-ecosystem modelling system has been calibrated and validated for the Black Sea conditions. The numerical experiments indicate that the biogeochemical components of the model rather successfully reproduce the main features and state variable evolution in the Black Sea ecosystem: the growth in phytoplankton biomass and changes in seasonal cycles of the main ecosystem components. It is however shown, that the physical processes are of fundamental importance for a reliable reproduction of seasonal and inter-annual changes in the ecosystem.

Environmental Degradation of the Black Sea: Challenges and Remedies
Environmental Degradation of the Black Sea: Challenges and Remedies

Author: Sükrü T. Besiktepe

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2011-10-08

Total Pages: 393

ISBN-13: 9789401145695

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The Black Sea presently faces severe ecological disequilibrium due primarily to eutrophication and other types of contaminants, from atmospheric, river and landbased sources. Major contaminants include nutrients, pesticides, hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Among the most critical contemporary concerns are eutrophication and associated deterioration of water quality, plankton blooms, hypoxia and anoxia, loss of biodiversity and decline of living resources. A better understanding of conditions leading to eutrophication and of the associated changes during the last four decades, is being carried out at national , regional and international levels. High quality scientific research has been conducted in all Black Sea riparian countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine). In addition, several successful regional research programmes (e.g., CoMSBlack, NATO-TU Black Sea, NATO-TU Waves, EC-EROS 2000 Phase III, IOC Black Sea Regional Center with Pilot Projects 112) and one major environmental management program (GEF-BSEP) have been successfully launched. New international efforts like the Black Sea Commission, the Black Sea Program Coordination Unit, the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (all situated in Istanbul), together with the Convention for the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992) and the Odessa Interministerial Decleration (1993) attest to the economic and political importance of these problems and the attention presently paid to this endangered sea.

Conservation of the Biological Diversity as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development in the Black Sea Region
Conservation of the Biological Diversity as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development in the Black Sea Region

Author: V. Kotlyakov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 513

ISBN-13: 9401151148

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This volume is a collection of reports presented at the International NATO Advanced Research Workshop Conservation of the Biological Diversity as a Prerequisite for Sustainaible Development of the Black Sea Region. The seminar was held at Batumi - Kobuleti, Georgia, on the Black Sea during October 5 -12, 1996 with participants from the countries of the Black Sea Region -Georgia, Russia, the Ukraine, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, as well as Germany, Italy and the United States of America. The Black Sea Region is an essential and unique part of southern Europe because of its geographical, cultural and historical features. It is the cradle of European civilisation, together with Greece and Rome. For centuries it neighboured onto and interacted with the cultures of the northern and southern Mediterranean, the Christian and Moslim worlds, and was the route of conquerors and migrations of whole nations. Here are closely interwoven the cultures and customs of nations, economic and trade relations, the history of wars and civilised relations of neighbouring countries.