The book deals with the dynamical behaviour of single droplets and regular droplet systems. It has been written mainly for experimental researchers. After a short description of the theoretical background, the different experimental facilities and methods necessary for the investigation of single droplets are described in detail. A summary of important applications is included.
This book discusses the theoretical foundations of spray and droplet applications relevant to the technology for active control of sprays applied to new products and applications, improved product performance, cost reductions, and improved environmental outcomes. It also covers theory related to power and propulsion; materials processing and manufacturing technologies including droplet-based net form processing, coating, and painting; medication; pesticides and insecticides; and other consumer uses.
Multiphase flows and droplet dynamics play a vital role in the industry. Mineral ore (i.e., iron, aluminum, and copper mined in huge quantities yearly) must flow at some stage during extraction. Fluidized beds, bubbly flow in nuclear reactors, inkjet printing, gas-particle flows in chemical reactors, cavitating pumps and turbines, electrophotography used in copy machines, and laser and LED printers are a few examples of process technologies where multiphase flows play a vital role. The importance of multiphase flows concerning air pollution has recently been well recognized. In particular, in propulsion devices, such as automobiles and gas turbine engines in aircraft and power plants, the combustion of liquid fuels, such as diesel, gasoline, and Jet-A, is responsible for creating greenhouse gases and particulates (e.g., unburned carbon particles), which are identified as pollutants. The efficiency of the combustion process and, consequently, the production of the resulting pollutants are dictated by the breakup and vaporization of liquid fuels, making understanding these phenomena critical to developing efficient combustion devices. This ACS In Focus digital primer discusses the current understanding of the breakup and vaporization of single droplets in stagnant and convective environments. Its intended audience is an early career researcher (ranging from a second-year Ph.D. student to a postdoctoral fellow) interested in exploring the fascinating world of liquid droplets. The reader is expected to have had at least an advanced thermodynamics and fluid mechanics undergraduate course.
Droplet Wetting and Evaporation provides engineers, students, and researchers with the first comprehensive guide to the theory and applications of droplet wetting and evaporation. Beginning with a relevant theoretical background, the book moves on to consider specific aspects, including heat transfer, flow instabilities, and the drying of complex fluid droplets. Each chapter covers the principles of the subject, addressing corresponding practical issues and problems. The text is ideal for a broad range of domains, from aerospace and materials, to biomedical applications, comprehensively relaying the challenges and approaches from the different communities leading the way in droplet research and development. - Provides a broad, cross-subject coverage of theory and application that is ideal for engineers, students and researchers who need to follow all major developments in this interdisciplinary field - Includes comprehensive discussions of heat transfer, flow instabilities, and the drying of complex fluid droplets - Begins with an accessible summary of fundamental theory before moving on to specific areas such as heat transfer, flow instabilities, and the drying of complex fluid droplets
This book presents a comprehensive overview of fluid mechanical, thermal and physico-chemical aspects of drop-surface interactions. Basic physical mechanisms pertaining to free-surface flow phenomena characteristic of drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces are explained emphasizing the importance of scaling. Moreover, physico-chemical fundamentals relating to a forced spreading of complex solutions, analytical tools for calculating compressibility effects, and heat transfer and phase change phenomena occurring during solidification and evaporation processes, respectively, are introduced in detail. Finally, numerical approaches particularly suited for modeling drop-surface interactions are consisely surveyed with a particular emphasis on boundary integral methods and Navier-Stokes algorithms (volume of fluid, level set and front tracking algorithms). The book is closed by contributions to a workshop on Drop-Surface Interactions held at the International Centre of Mechanical Sciences.
Rheology--the study of the deformation and flow of matter--deals primarily with the stresses generated during the flow of complex materials including polymers, colloids, foams, and gels. A rapidly growing and industrially important field, it plays a significant role in polymer processing, food processing, coating and printing, and many other manufacturing processes. Designed as a main text for advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level courses in rheology or polymer rheology, Understanding Rheology is also an ideal self-teaching guide for practicing engineers and scientists who find rheological principles applicable to their work. Covering the most important aspects of elementary modern rheology, this detailed and accessible text opens with an introduction to the field and then provides extensive background chapters on vector and tensor operations and Newtonian fluid mechanics. It continues with coverage of such topics as: * Standard Flows for Rheology * Material Functions * Experimental Observations * Generalized Newtonian Fluids * Generalized Linear-Viscoelastic Fluids * Nonlinear Constitutive Equations * Rheometry, including rheo-optics Understanding Rheology incorporates helpful pedagogical aids including numerous problems for each chapter, many worked examples, and an extensive glossary. It also contains useful appendices on nomenclature, mathematical tools, predictions of constitutive equations, and birefringence.
Providing a clear and systematic description of droplets and spray dynamic models, this book maximises reader insight into the underlying physics of the processes involved, outlines the development of new physical and mathematical models and broadens understanding of interactions between the complex physical processes which take place in sprays. Complementing approaches based on the direct application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Droplets and Sprays treats both theoretical and practical aspects of internal combustion engine process such as the direct injection of liquid fuel, subcritical heating and evaporation. Including case studies that illustrate the approaches relevance to automotive applications, it is also anticipated that the described models can find use in other areas such as in medicine and environmental science.
1. Objective and Scope Bubbles, drops and rigid particles occur everywhere in life, from valuable industrial operations like gas-liquid contracting, fluidized beds and extraction to such vital natural processes as fermentation, evaporation, and sedimentation. As we become increasingly aware of their fundamental role in industrial and biological systems, we are driven to know more about these fascinating particles. It is no surprise, therefore, that their practical and theoretical implications have aroused great interest among the scientific community and have inspired a growing number of studies and publications. Over the past ten years advances in the field of small Reynolds numbers flows and their technological and biological applications have given rise to several definitive monographs and textbooks in the area. In addition, the past three decades have witnessed enormous progress in describing quantitatively the behaviour of these particles. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are still no available books that reflect such achievements in the areas of bubble and drop deformation, hydrodynamic interactions of deformable fluid particles at low and moderate Reynolds numbers and hydrodynamic interactions of particles in oscillatory flows. Indeed, only one more book is dedicated entirely to the behaviour of bubbles, drops and rigid particles ["Bubbles, Drops and Particles" by Clift et al. (1978)] and the authors state its limitations clearly in the preface: "We treat only phenomena in which particle-particle interactions are of negligible importance. Hence, direct application of the book is limited to single-particle systems of dilute suspensions.
Wetting and Spreading Dynamics explains wetting phenomena when a liquid partially or completely wets solid or immiscible liquid surfaces. Written for both newcomers and experienced researchers in the field, the book uses principles and terminology from colloid science, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics to solve equilibrium and dynamic prob
Ten years after coming into force of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), a wide range of organic chemicals (industrial formulations, plant protection products, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, etc.) still poses the highest priority environmental hazard. The broadening of knowledge of organic pollutants (OPs) environmental fate and effects, as well as the decontamination techniques, is accompanied by an increase in significance of certain pollution sources (e.g. sewage sludge and dredged sediments application, textile industry), associated with a potential generation of new dangers for humans and natural ecosystems. The present book addresses these aspects, especially in the light of Organic Pollutants risk assessment as well as the practical application of novel analytical methods and techniques for removing OPs from the environment. Providing analytical and environmental update, this contribution can be particularly valuable for engineers and environmental scientists.
