Discretionary Equality
Discretionary Equality

Author: Joseph King Jr. EdD

Publisher: Trafford Publishing

Published: 2011-05-04

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 1426956215

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Discretionary Equality traces the history of the school desegregation enforcement efforts of the Education Departments Office for Civil Rights (Ed-OCR). This study begins with a discussion of the historical factors leading to the inconsistent application of the equal educational policy. Very shortly after the old Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was established in 1953, a significant court decision, Brown v. Board of Education, ordered the desegregation of the nations schools. From the Brown decision in 1954 to 1981, equal education policy was inconsistently enforced at the national level. The causal factors of inconsistent educational policy and enforcement are rooted in many complex social and political forces. Author Dr. Joseph King Jr. reviews the development and status of current affirmative action procedures and provides an overview of the legislation in the Congress that has developed since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Discretionary Equality offers a critical analysis of presidential leadership, congressional initiative, and the effects of political interest groups as contributing factors in the lack of uniformity of policy and enforcement of school desegregation. Finally, addressing timely issues, it identifies the current consequences of the departments inconsistent implementation of equal educational opportunity.

Equality and Preferential Treatment
Equality and Preferential Treatment

Author: Marshall Cohen

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 1977-08-21

Total Pages: 234

ISBN-13: 9780691019888

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

These essays, with one exception originally published in Philosophy & Public Affairs, consider the moral problems associated with improving the social and economic position of disadvantaged groups. If the situation of women and minorities improves so that their opportunities are equal to those of more favored groups, will they then be in a competitive position conducive to equal achievement? If not, can preferential hiring or preferential admission to educational institutions be justified? The contributors explore the complexities of this problem from several points of view. The discussions in Part I are more theoretical and concentrate on the application to this case of general considerations from ethical theory. The discussions in Part II also take up theoretical questions, but they start from specific problems about the constitutionality and the effectiveness of certain methods of achieving equality and counteracting discrimination. The two groups of essays demonstrate admirably the close connection between moral philosophy and questions of law and policy. The issues discussed include compensation, liability, victimization, the significance of group membership, the intrinsic importance of racial, sexual, or meritocratic criteria, and the overall effects of preferential policies.

Gender Equality
Gender Equality

Author: Linda C. McClain

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2009-07-31

Total Pages: 469

ISBN-13: 0521766478

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Examines the persisting inequality between formal commitments to gender equality and equal citizenship.

Destined for Equality
Destined for Equality

Author: Robert Max Jackson

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 9780674055117

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Men and women remain unequal in the United States, but in this provocative book, Robert Max Jackson demonstrates that gender inequality is irrevocably crumbling. Destined for Equality, the first integrated analysis of gender inequality's modern decline, tells the story of that progressive movement toward equality over the past two centuries in America, showing that women's status has risen consistently and continuously. Jackson asserts that women's rising status has been due largely to the emergence of modern political and economic organizations, which have transformed institutional priorities concerning gender. Although individual politicians and businessmen generally believed women should remain in their traditional roles, Jackson shows that it was simply not in the interests of modern enterprise and government to foster inequality. The search for profits, votes, organizational rationality, and stability all favored a gender-neutral approach that improved women's status. The inherent gender impartiality of organizational interests won out over the prejudiced preferences of the men who ran them. As economic power migrated into large-scale organizations inherently indifferent to gender distinctions, the patriarchal model lost its social and cultural sway, and women's continual efforts to rise in the world became steadily more successful. Total gender equality will eventually prevail; the only questions remaining are what it will look like, and how and when it will arrive.

A Moment of Equality for Latin America?
A Moment of Equality for Latin America?

Author: Barbara Fritz

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-03-09

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1317187571

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Unlike other regions around the world, several Latin American countries have managed to reduce income inequality over the last decade. Higher growth rates and growing employment, but also innovative wage policies and social programs, have contributed to reducing poverty and narrow income disparities. Yet, despite this progress, nation-states in the region demonstrate little capacity to substantially change their patterns of deeply rooted inequalities. Focusing on the limits and challenges of redistributive policies in Latin America, this volume synthesizes and updates the discussion of inequality in the region, introducing the perspective of global and transnational interdependencies. The book explores the extent to which redistributive policies have been interlinked with the provision and quality of public goods as well as with structural changes of the productive sector. Inspired by structuralist and neostructuralist thinking of Latin American economists, such as Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado, authors question the redistributive impact of the interplay of recent macroeconomic, fiscal and social policies, particularly under left and center-left administrations committed to greater equality. Bringing together experts in social, fiscal and macroeconomic policies to investigate the interdependent and global character of inequalities, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology, economics, development and politics with interests in Latin America, inequality and public policy.

Todd & Watt's Cases and Materials on Equity and Trusts
Todd & Watt's Cases and Materials on Equity and Trusts

Author: Gary Watt

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2013-06-13

Total Pages: 583

ISBN-13: 0199664803

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This revised and updated text contains a range of relevant, interesting case law, statutory material, academic extracts and official proposals for law reform. A companion web site featuring web links and case updates ensures students have access to the latest materials.

Key Cases: Equity & Trusts
Key Cases: Equity & Trusts

Author: Judith Bray

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-11-12

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 1444137832

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The Key Cases series provides a portable and effective way for you to absorb and retain the essential facts needed to pass your exams effortlessly.

Equality Transformed
Equality Transformed

Author: Herman Belz

Publisher: Transaction Publishers

Published:

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 9781412822695

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A quarter-century after the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, its legacy remains controversial. The statutory language intended to ensure equal opportunity to all individuals is now interpreted as authorizing both public and private employers to adopt preferential policies that benefit designated groups based on race and gender. Much the same transformation has occurred in federal contract programs: President Kennedy's executive order that required equal employment opportunity is now understood as mandating minority hiring with numerical goals tantamount to quotas. Herman Belz's "Equality Transformed: A Quarter-Century of Affirmative Action "traces this transformation of equality and how it was brought about by courts, regulatory agencies, and activists. The early champions of civil rights sought to eradicate impediments to advancement for the downtrodden; the ultimate aim was to create a truly colorblind society. Over the years, this goal, while still professed, became even more elusive. Preferences, goals, and timetables - "temporary" means for the attainment of a nondiscriminatory society - seemed to undermine that noble quest. "Equality Transformed "provides a textured history of affirmative action and its effects upon race relations and our democratic, egalitarian ideals. In recent years, under the impetus of the Reagan Justice Department, the Supreme Court has backed away, however hesitantly, from its earlier sympathy towards race-conscious remedies and preferential treatment. Belz's analysis of recent Supreme Court cases and their antecedents allows us to better understand both the tensions in our society and the fury that the Court has triggered with its recent civil rights pronouncements. Belz makes a strong case for hewing to a forward-looking rather than a backward-looking approach to eradicating discrimination. Anyone interested in the history, law, theory, or morality of affirmative action in employment will find "Equality Transformed "invaluable.