Introduction to the diagnosis of diseases of the breast Concepts basic to the analysis of epithelial proliferations Conventional ductal proliferations Apocrine proliferations Mucinous proliferations Lobular proliferations Concepts basic to the analysis of papillary proliferations Papilloma Papillary carcinoma Micropapillary proliferations Concepts basic to the diagnosis of sclerosing lesions Sclerosing adenosis Radial scar Low grade invasive ductal carcinoma Concepts basic to the analysis of fibroepithelial lesions Fibroadenoma Myxoid fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Hamartoma and fibroadenoma variant Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.
This comprehensive volume reviews current topics and controversies in diagnostic breast pathology, and addresses frequently encountered diagnostic problems using a question and answer format and case presentations. Emphasis is placed on the diagnostic approach as it relates to morphology, clinical and radiographic correlation, differential diagnosis, and ancillary testing including immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. Answers are provided and serve as a practical, evidence-based, and problem solving guide to diagnostic issues having significant impacts on clinical management. Common but diagnostically challenging entities such as papillary lesions and fibroepithelial lesions are discussed in detail, as well as special types of breast cancer including solid papillary carcinoma, lobular lesions and its variants. Uncommon breast lesions such as mesenchymal, lymphoid, and metastatic lesions are also covered. Chapters discuss genetic alterations and molecular abnormalities in breast cancer, and commonly encountered interpretation dilemmas on immunohistochemistry in breast cancer and metastatic cancer to the breast with a focus on prognostic and predictive tumor biomarkers.
Edited by two eminent authorities on breast pathology, this heavily illustrated text offers essential guidance on diagnostic evaluation of needle core biopsies. More than 1,100 full-color illustrations depict the entire spectrum of breast pathology seen in needle core biopsies.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. For the pathologist, almost any breast lesion may produce diagnostic difficulty, especially due to frequently small samples (core biopsy specimens) and a variety of mimics and variants seen in specific types of lesions. Additionally, the difficulty of breast lesion diagnosis has risen dramatically in recent years due to the increased emphasis on stratifying patients for appropriate therapy on an individual basis; the wider range of both local and systemic therapeutic options, and the potential for earlier diagnosis through increased mammographic breast screening leading to a higher likelihood of a favorable outcome. Difficult Diagnoses in Breast Pathology will have a special focus on the most difficult diagnostic problems in breast disease for the surgical pathologist: needle core biopsy interpretation, diagnosis of precursor lesions and early stage disease, recognition of neoplastic mimics and other misleading variants, and other particularly difficult areas including appropriate use of newer immunohistochemical markers, where appropriate. Prognostic questions and early staging of special importance in the pathologist's collaboration with oncology clinicians and, increasingly, in informing patients and participating in ongoing management assessment. Throughout, the emphasis will be on a visual presentation with high-quality images on the more difficult problems and questions that the pathologist is likely to have in evaluation of breast disease.
This book provides a concise, step-by-step guide to accurate microscopic diagnosis for clinicians who deal with patients with breast lesions. The emphasis is on a practical approach to dealing with breast biopsies and reaching a diagnosis. It outlines the procedures used for the microscopic diagnosis of various breast lesions and the significance of the nomenclature and terms used in pathology reports, including those dealing with uncommon or rare lesions. Ample illustrations of the lesions discussed are included, particularly those dealing with uncommon and border-line lesions. There is a special emphasis on breast cancer and on the fact that not all breast cancers are the same. The different ways by which breast cancers are classified are discussed including recent classifications which lead to personalized therapy. The book is aimed at pathologists of all grades who deal with breast biopsies including those in training. It would be also useful for practicing and trainee surgeons and oncologists as well as other health professionals dealing with patients with breast diseases and scientists carrying out research on breast problems.
Practical Surgical Pathology of the Breast is a comprehensive and accessible guide for the practicing pathologist and trainee. It provides anatomic pathologists with the essential knowledge and tools to navigate breast cases and classification systems that are commonly and uncommonly found in everyday practice. Particularly challenging topics such as understanding the molecular mechanisms linked to breast cancer and the interpretation of molecular tests, are covered in clear prose, along with useful discussions on diagnostic challenges written by world experts. The use of immunohistochemistry in breast pathology is discussed in detail and how to apply it to resolve diagnostic problems. As a result, the book simplifies difficult-to-master issues such as recognizing therapy-induced changes to breast specimens and identifying borderline breast lesions and many more. Each chapter features high-quality images and stains, tables that emphasize differential diagnoses, text that highlight common diagnostic pitfalls with corresponding tips, as well as helpful key points and how to reach an accurate diagnosis using appropriate procedures and tests. With Practical Surgical Pathology of the Breast as a guide, practitioners and residents can hone their diagnostic skills, resolve difficult cases and improve their approach to breast cases in their daily practice. Key Features: Written by world-renowned breast pathology experts Emphasizes the differential diagnosis problem-solving process found in everyday practice Contains over 700 high-quality images including numerous immunohistochemical stains which are essential when comparing breast entities Includes detailed coverage of core biopsy interpretation, precursors of mammary carcinoma and their mimics, papillary lesions, flat epithelial atypia, adenosis, microinvasive carcinoma, carcinomas with good prognosis, mesenchymal lesions, triple negative carcinomas, lymphomas of the breast, and interpretation of therapy-related changes Highlights diagnostic pitfalls and common problems that a pathologist will encounter and includes practical tips throughout to guide the proper interpretation of breast lesions and the proper application of tests to reach accurate diagnoses
A practical guide for the diagnostic surgical pathologist, this new edition of Biopsy Interpretation of the Breast presents the diverse spectrum of pathologic alterations that occur in the breast in a manner analogous to that in which they are encountered in daily practice. Lesions are grouped together according to their histologic patterns rather than by the traditional benign-malignant categorization in order to simulate the way pathologists face these lesions as they examine microscopic slides on a daily basis. The role of adjunctive studies in solving diagnostic problems in breast pathology is emphasized where appropriate. In addition, the clinical significance and impact on patient management of the various diagnoses are discussed and key clinical and management points highlighted.
In the era of precision medicine, physicians are increasingly in need of more definitive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information derived from small biopsy specimens such as cytology samples in order to guide effective patient care. Cytopathology is well poised to meet this challenge. Whilst the traditional cytomorphologic component of cytology practice is still valid, enormous advances have been made in the field of cytopathology thanks to transformative technology and innovative individuals that have augmented the cytologists' ability to meet the demands of modern medicine. The purpose of this book is to describe, illustrate, and review many of the most recent developments regarding modern techniques employed in cytopathology. This latest monograph is intended for all cytologists including cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, cytology lab assistants, trainees, research scientists, and anyone who is interested in the field of cytopathology. We have invited pioneering experts in their respective fields to author these chapters. This book is not only the culmination of their groundbreaking work and effort but also presents a critical review of the current literature. We have attempted to provide readers with an informative and comprehensive aid so that they may better appreciate how emerging technology has been applied to cytology. Each chapter in this book presents a stand-alone contemporary review of emerging topics in cytopathology. We hope that you will find this monograph thought-provoking and a valuable reference for your practice.
Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
Breast Pathology, a title in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology series, provides all of the most essential information on the pathological entities encountered in practice in an easy-to-use format. Drs. Frances P. O'Malley, Sarah E. Pinder, and Anna Marie Mulligan provide unparalleled expert guidance for the study and diagnosis of a broad spectrum of breast lesions as well as the broad range of appearances of normal breast tissue. The consistent, practical format with a wealth of illustrations, at-a-glance boxes, and tables, make this title ideal for quick reference for both novices and experienced breast pathologists. Reference key information quickly and easily with a consistent, user-friendly format and at-a-glance boxes and tables throughout the text. Examine all aspects of a pathologic entity, including clinical features, pathologic features (gross and microscopic), ancillary studies, differential diagnosis, and prognostic and therapeutic considerations. Catch all the nuances of how pathological lesions present through over 400 full-color illustrations. Practice with confidence and overcome your toughest challenges with advice from the top minds in breast pathology. Apply the latest molecular diagnostic techniques to recognize newly identified classifications in breast disease. Get more of the information you need from new and expanded chapters covering a broad range of diseases and topics including fine needle aspiration cytology and the physical handling of core biopsy specimens; handling and evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes; diseases of the male breast; and state-of-the-art coverage of molecular advances in malignant breast disease. Prepare for the future of breast pathology with a new chapter dedicated to gene profiling and stem cell diagnostic techniques.
