Development of Perception Psychobiological Perspectives
Development of Perception Psychobiological Perspectives

Author: Richard Aslin

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 0323148638

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Development of Perception: Psychobiological Perspectives, Volume 1, Audition, Somatic Perception, and the Chemical Senses, is the first of a two-part series covering vision, audition, olfaction, taste, tactile sensitivity, and sensory-motor activity during ontogenesis. The focus is on approaches to perceptual development that incorporate a psychobiological perspective. The present volume contains both overviews and specific discussions of audition, somatic perception, and the chemical senses aimed at the anatomical, neurophysiological, and behavioral levels. The book is organized into four parts. Parts A and B are devoted to aspects of auditory perceptual development in animals and humans, respectively. These include studies on the development of species-specificity in duckling auditory perception; the functional role of auditory perception in parent-offspring recognition in birds; the development of auditory localization in human infants; and experiential components in the development of speech perception. Part C covers issues of somatosensory and sensorimotor development, including pioneering studies of development and plasticity in the neural structures of specialized somatosensory areas. Part D contains chapters on the development of olfaction and taste.

The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation
The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation

Author: Martin Reite

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 525

ISBN-13: 0323147216

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The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation provides an understanding of certain theoretical issues involved in social attachment and separation. The book brings together a number of investigators studying animal and human models of the psychobiology of attachment and separation. The contributors are actively conducting studies that incorporate physiological measures in attachment-separation paradigms. Thus, the book's unique features include reviews and interpretations of recent data on the physiological correlates of attachment and separation behavior in both animals and humans. The book is divided into two parts, one on animal models and one on human models. The first part reviews research from several animal species, including studies on the biology of maternal behavior and physiological, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical correlates of both attachment and separation. The chapters on animal models provide an overview of the state of knowledge on both the biology of social attachment and the biological correlates of separation. The second part presents reviews and new data on attachment and separation in human infants. A summary chapter examines both animal and human data and offers a synthesis of the results, including clinical implications and ideas for future research.

Early Brain Damage V2
Early Brain Damage V2

Author: Stanley Finger

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 0323151779

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Early Brain Damage, Volume 2: Neurobiology and Behavior, is the second of two volumes that provide a comprehensive overview of the many facets of research on the topic of brain damage sustained early in life. The present volume focuses on controlled experimentation on laboratory animals, and emphasizes the anatomical and physiological correlates of early brain-insult as well as the behavioral changes that may follow central nervous system damage early in life. This book is organized into three parts. Part I examines recent advances in anatomy and physiology, and covers topics such as axonal sprouting and changes in brain areas somewhat removed from the actual site of damage. Part II emphasizes current knowledge about the behavioral effects of specific lesions, such as those of the frontal or posterior cortical areas. Part III examines factors that can affect the response to early brain damage, including genetics, environmental conditions after early injury, and the differential effects resulting from sparing small fragments of a brain area. This book was written for researchers and professional personnel interested in the topic of brain damage, and especially toward those interested in the many developmental brain-damage issues emanating from laboratory animal studies and human case reports.

MHPC: Basic Mechanisms and Psychopathology
MHPC: Basic Mechanisms and Psychopathology

Author: James Maas

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 032314117X

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MHPG: Basic Mechanisms and Psychopathology discusses the interactions between clinical biological psychiatry and basic neuropsychopharmacology. Composed of 10 chapters, this book focuses on the role of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG) in psychiatric disorders, particularly, in depression and mania. The book first examines the enzyme systems that produce MHPG in the brain and the features of these enzymes that could be used to reconcile several contradictions with regard to the origin of urinary MHPG. It then discusses the correlation between changes in impulse flow in central noradrenergic neurons of the locus ceruleus and MHPG levels in brain. The subsequent chapters cover the theoretical issues and empirical data dealing with the interrelationships between plasma and urinary measures of MHPG and central nervous system noradrenergic function. Measurement methods of MHPG in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine are also presented. The concluding chapters deal with the relevant human studies in patient and nonpatient populations concerning the role of MHPG in depressive disorders, with particular emphasis on clinical studies in childhood and adolescence. This book is of value to clinical biologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychopharmacologists.

Endogenous Peptides and Learning and Memory Processes
Endogenous Peptides and Learning and Memory Processes

Author: Joe L. Jr. Martinez

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 608

ISBN-13: 0323144675

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Endogenous Peptides and Learning and Memory Processes presents the role of pituitary and central nervous system peptidergic systems in the modulation of memory and learning. This book discusses the various experimental findings concerning the role of peptides in attention, memory, conditioning, opiate tolerance, and amnesia. Organized into five parts encompassing 26 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the possible chemical relationship between melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This text then discusses the complex behavioral activities of ACTH involving processes that serve the adaptive abilities of the organism, such as memory, learning, motivation, attention, and arousal. Other chapters consider the possibility that post-training injection of some hormones may aid retention performance following training in a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task. The final chapter deals with the various types of behavioral tests for studying the central nervous system effects of peptides. This book is a valuable resource for specialists, teachers, clinicians, and researchers in the fields of neuropharmacology, behavioral pharmacology, experimental psychology, and psychopharmacology.

Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior
Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior

Author: Harman Peeke

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 486

ISBN-13: 0323148565

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Habituation, Sensitization, and Behavior reviews some of the important advances that have been made toward understanding the mechanisms underlying, and the significance of, the phenomena traditionally associated with habituation, sensitization, and behavior in intact organisms. Habituation and sensitization are used to refer to underlying theoretical processes, and behavior changes are described at the response level. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of approaches, constructs, and terminology used in the study of response change in the intact organism. The discussion then turns to a two-factor dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization, together with a theory of the mechanism of habituation that emphasizes the assignment of responses to stimuli. Subsequent chapters explore the link between memory and habituation; statistical strategies for analyzing repeated-measures data; cellular approaches used in the analysis of habituation and sensitization in Aplysia; and intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of habituation and sensitization. The habituation of central nervous system evoked potentials is also considered, with particular reference to intrinsic habituation in the neocortex, allocortex, and mesencephalon. The final chapter is devoted to evolutionary determination of response likelihood and habituation. This monograph should be of interest to practitioners in the fields of behavioral biology, psychobiology, psychology, and psychiatry.

Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species
Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species

Author: Stanley Glick

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 303

ISBN-13: 0323156916

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Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species explores brain asymmetries in animals and the extent to which such asymmetries relate, in an evolutionary and clinical sense, to the pervasive asymmetries that characterize the human brain. Topics covered include cerebral lateralization in birds, rats, and nonhuman primates; the inheritance of direction and degree of asymmetry in the brain; the morphology of rat forebrain; and variation in the pattern of behavioral and brain asymmetries due to sex differences. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book opens with a historical overview of research into the cerebral lateralization of structures and functions in nonhuman species. The discussion then turns to lateralization of vocal control in songbirds and lateralization of several behaviors in domestic chicks. The inheritance of direction and degree of asymmetry is also considered, along with the morphology of rat forebrains. The following chapters focus on asymmetries in anatomy and pathology in the rodent brain; the link between brain lateralization and behavioral functions; and how early experiences can induce laterality. The final chapter analyzes the implications of brain asymmetries for evolution, genetics, and clinical syndromes. This monograph will be a useful resource for students, neuroscientists, clinicians, and other practitioners in fields ranging from psychobiology and psychology to anatomical sciences, neurobiology, neurochemistry, and genetics.