In conjunction with the rapid growth in adopting smart devices, the smart cities concept has been raised simultaneously in many modern societies. A smart grid is an essential part of any smart city as both consumers and power utility companies benefit from the features provided by the power grid. In addition to advanced features presented by smart grids, there may also be a risk when the grids are exposed to malicious acts such as security attacks performed by terrorists. Many vendors develop smart meters and at the same time, many researchers have proposed various supported security systems, however, no security measures were considered in most of those designs. This book presents a security study for smart metering systems with a prototype implementation for future works.
"The main objective of this study is to design and develop smart meter network to investigate the requirements of an efficient and reliable smart meter network. Research on smart meter network is limited and there is an increased demand for further research in this area since distribution network needs to uptake of green-house friendly technology and provide consumers better access to manage and control their power consumption. Furthermore, an effective integration of renewable energy sources with the distribution network will require smart meter network"--Abstract.
All basic knowledge is provided for the Energy Engineers and the Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Instrumentation Engineering students, who work or wish to work, in Smart Grid and Microgrid area. It benefits them in obtaining essential and required understanding of the Smart Grid, from perceptions to actualisation. The book: • Presents the Smart Grid from abstraction to materialization. • Covers power grid networks, including how they are developed and deployed for power delivery and other Smart Grid services. • Discusses power systems, advanced communications, and required machine learning that define the Smart Grid. • Clearly differentiates the Smart Grid from the traditional power grid as it has been for the last century. • Provides the reader with a fundamental understanding of both physical-cyber -security and computer networking. • Presents the complexity and operational requirements of the evolving Smart Grid to the ICT professional and presents the same for ICT to the energy engineers. • Provides a detailed description of the cyber vulnerabilities and mitigation techniques of the Smart Grid. • Provides essential information for technocrats to make progress in the field and to allow power system engineers to optimize communication systems for the Smart Grid. • Is a suitable material for the undergraduate and post graduate students of electrical engineering to learn the fundamentals of Smart Grid.
This State-of-the-Art Survey contains a selection of papers representing state-of-the-art results in the engineering of secure software-based Future Internet services and systems, produced by the NESSoS project researchers. The engineering approach of the Network of Excellence NESSoS, funded by the European Commission, is based on the principle of addressing security concerns from the very beginning in all software development phases, thus contributing to reduce the amount of software vulnerabilities and enabling the systematic treatment of security needs through the engineering process. The 15 papers included in this volume deal with the main NESSoS research areas: security requirements for Future Internet services; creating secure service architectures and secure service design; supporting programming environments for secure and composable services; enabling security assurance and integrating former results in a risk-aware and cost-aware software life-cycle.
The power system infrastructure of the United States has embarked on a crucial transformation. The enormous change in the infrastructure ranging from private and public sectors to fossil fuel-based power plants, solar plants, and wind farms affects every entity in between. The transformation in power industry is central to national efforts to enhance efficiency, security, and reliability of electric power supply, increase integration of distributed renewable energy sources, eliminate the nation's CO2 footprint by gradual reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and develop a 21st century smart electric grid compatible with future environmental sustainability and economic prosperity. However, the integration of Information technology (IT), Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and an advanced communication infrastructure exposes smart grid to the cyber threats associated with the networks. Consequently, cybersecurity is crucial to ensure the efficiency, reliability, and security of the evolving power grid system. Security issues pertaining to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system has been a major concern since the advent of smart grid. Secure and reliable authentication of smart meters and data collectors connected in AMI system is of utmost importance to ensure compliance with the security requirements of smart grid. In this work, a novel authentication and key management scheme is introduced for the AMI system of smart grid using configurable Ring Oscillator Physically Unclonable Functions (ROPUFs). The scope of the design covers the communication between the utility company and the smart meter network. The scheme is based on hardware-oriented security and can be implemented on existing smart meters. In accordance with ANSI C12.18 standards, the authentication keys are classified into six different level (L0 to L5) with a varying size of 64 to 1024 bits. The cryptographic keys used in this scheme are extremely difficult to model by adversaries as each set of keys are used only once. The authentication codes are generated from configurable ROPUF response bits using the Hamming code. The design of the proposed scheme ensures fault tolerance as Ring Oscillator (RO) comparison pairs with high-frequency differences are selected to prevent bit flips. The authentication scheme is highly efficient and cost-effective in terms of latency and data storage. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed scheme is implemented on Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA boards. In the threat model analysis, Multigene Genetic Programming (MGGP) is used to demonstrate that the scheme cannot be modeled by adversaries.Also, it is shown that the scheme is secure against common wireless sensor network attacks including eavesdropping, spoofing, invasive and Man-in-the-middle attacks.
This book discusses how smart cities strive to deploy and interconnect infrastructures and services to guarantee that authorities and citizens have access to reliable and global customized services. The book addresses the wide range of topics present in the design, development and running of smart cities, ranging from big data management, Internet of Things, and sustainable urban planning. The authors cover - from concept to practice – both the technical aspects of smart cities enabled primarily by the Internet of Things and the socio-economic motivations and impacts of smart city development. The reader will find smart city deployment motivations, technological enablers and solutions, as well as state of the art cases of smart city implementations and services. · Provides a single compendium of the technological, political, and social aspects of smart cities; · Discusses how the successful deployment of smart Cities requires a unified infrastructure to support the diverse set of applications that can be used towards urban development; · Addresses design, development and running of smart cities, including big data management and Internet of Things applications.
Handbook of System Safety and Security: Cyber Risk and Risk Management, Cyber Security, Adversary Modeling, Threat Analysis, Business of Safety, Functional Safety, Software Systems, and Cyber Physical Systems presents an update on the world's increasing adoption of computer-enabled products and the essential services they provide to our daily lives. The tailoring of these products and services to our personal preferences is expected and made possible by intelligence that is enabled by communication between them. Ensuring that the systems of these connected products operate safely, without creating hazards to us and those around us, is the focus of this book, which presents the central topics of current research and practice in systems safety and security as it relates to applications within transportation, energy, and the medical sciences. Each chapter is authored by one of the leading contributors to the current research and development on the topic. The perspective of this book is unique, as it takes the two topics, systems safety and systems security, as inextricably intertwined. Each is driven by concern about the hazards associated with a system’s performance. Presents the most current and leading edge research on system safety and security, featuring a panel of top experts in the field Includes several research advancements published for the first time, including the use of ‘goal structured notation’ together with a ‘judgment calculus’ and their automation as a ‘rule set’ to facilitate systems safety and systems security process execution in compliance with existing standards Presents for the first time the latest research in the field with the unique perspective that systems safety and systems security are inextricably intertwined Includes coverage of systems architecture, cyber physical systems, tradeoffs between safety, security, and performance, as well as the current methodologies and technologies and implantation practices for system safety and security
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2015, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in September 2014. The 32 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 104 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on flight systems, automotive embedded systems, automotive software, error detection, medical safety cases, medical systems, architecture and testing, safety cases, security attacks, cyber security and integration, and programming and compiling.
With distributed generation interconnection power flow becoming bidirectional, culminating in network problems, smart grids aid in electricity generation, transmission, substations, distribution and consumption to achieve a system that is clean, safe (protected), secure, reliable, efficient, and sustainable. This book illustrates fault analysis, fuses, circuit breakers, instrument transformers, relay technology, transmission lines protection setting using DIGsILENT Power Factory. Intended audience is senior undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in power systems, transmission and distribution, protection system broadly under electrical engineering.
The latest edition features a new chapter on implementation and operation of an integrated smart grid with updates to multiple chapters throughout the text. New sections on Internet of things, and how they relate to smart grids and smart cities, have also been added to the book. It describes the impetus for change in the electric utility industry and discusses the business drivers, benefits, and market outlook of the smart grid initiative. The book identifies the technical framework of enabling technologies and smart solutions and describes the role of technology developments and coordinated standards in smart grid, including various initiatives and organizations helping to drive the smart grid effort. With chapters written by leading experts in the field, the text explains how to plan, integrate, implement, and operate a smart grid.
